Spanish Rule Ends in Texas 3-1, Part 2 Power Notes Spanish Rule Ends in Texas Main Idea: Spain begins to lose its control of Texas as American filibusters and Mexican revolutionaries threaten Spanish authority.

Americans Migrate to Texas Spain opened the door to Americans for colonization, beginning the Spanish Colonial era of Texas Filibusters – individuals who carried out rebellious activities in a foreign country Plotted to seize control of Texas

Americans Migrate to Texas Philip Nolan – Irishman and mustanger (one who captures and sells wild horses) from Louisiana Suspected of spying for U.S. Army Ordered to leave Texas, but returns anyway and is killed in battle. His men are captured and taken to prison in Mexico City; Peter Bean only survivor; later set free

“MUSTANGER” – one who captures and sells wild horses

PETER BEAN

The Hidalgo Revolution September 16, 1810 – Father Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla issues the grito de delores, or “Cry of Delores” for independence from Spain *NOTE: Father Miguel Hidalgo ≠ Father Francisco Hidalgo (no relation)

A painting of Father Hidalgo

The Hidalgo Revolution He asks the Mexican people to revolt He is captured in 1811 and executed He inspires others to take up arms

The Hidalgo Revolution Assignment: Write down the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Use your notes and pp. 144-148 to correctly answer the following questions in complete sentences. Who was Father Miguel Hidalgo (identify)? Why were Mexican citizens so unhappy with Spanish rule? What did Father Hidalgo want the people of Mexico to do? (explain) What did Father Hidalgo mean by “a new dispensation”? What was the outcome of Father Hidalgo’s grito for independence from Spain?

The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition Bernardo Jose Gutierrez de Lara is a rebel (former Hidalgo supporter) from Mexico; recruits American Augustus Magee from U.S. Army for help in liberation, or freeing of Texas from Spain

The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition Inspired by the American Revolution, they want to form a republic where voters choose people who represent them In August 1812, they call their force the “Republican Army of the North” In February 1813, Magee dies and is replaced any another American, Samuel Kemper

The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition On March 29, 1813, the Republican Army defeats Spanish troops, captures San Antonio and issues a declaration of independence for Texas. BUT, in August 1813 the Republican Army is soundly defeated by the Spanish Army led by General Joaquin de Arredondo at the Battle of Medina, near the Medina River north of San Antonio. They kill/execute most of the Republican Army.

The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition Significance of Medina: This battle stopped the early Texas Revolution in its tracks being a major defeat for the Republican Army.

The Long Invasion James Long is a filibuster from Mississippi who tries to free Texas from Spain Captures Nacogdoches, declares Texas free and independent; elected president Tries to recruit help from Jean Lafitte (we will learn about him tomorrow!) He is later captured at Goliad, taken to Mexico City; killed by a guard

JAMES LONG

The Long Invasion Jane, his wife, along with Kian, her servant, hold off Karankawa Indians She later becomes wealthy landowner in Texas Known historically as the “Mother of Texas”

JANE LONG

Texas Now Part of the Republic of Mexico In 1817, Governor Antonio Martinez, the last Spanish governor of Texas, pleads for more troops in the San Antonio. Storehouses were empty, there was a lack of food, and a lack of money from the paymaster for troops.

Texas Now Part of the Republic of Mexico September 1821: Mexico officially becomes independent from Spain The Spanish Colonial era ends, and the Mexican National era begins

MEXICO 1821

MEXICO 1821

Texas Now Part of the Republic of Mexico Spain ruled Texas for nearly 300 years, but resulted in only a few successful settlements. San Antonio, Goliad, Nacogdoches, Ysleta, Laredo

Texas Now Part of the Republic of Mexico Why did Spain fail to settle Texas??? No GOLD or SILVER Spanish settlers preferred MEXICO DISTANCE Texas INDIANS were unfriendly

Assignment Today Summary #2 Work on: Hidalgo Revolution Q&A Turn in when complete. Work on: Hidalgo Revolution Q&A Chapter 6 Timeline Chapter 6 People ID