APUSH

Locke and Jefferson John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government clearly influenced Thomas Jefferson as he wrote the Declaration of Independence TreatiseDeclaration “The state of nature has a law to govern it” “to preserve life, liberty and property” “men being by nature all free, equal, and independent” “for when any number of men have, by the consent of every individual, made a community, with a power to act as one body, which is only by the will and determination of the majority” “Laws of Nature and Nature’s God” “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” “all men are created equal” “Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed”

BritainAmericans Advantages?? Disadvantages?? On the Eve of the Revolution ?

Comparison: Britain v Colonists BritainThe “United States”

LoyalistStrongholds

Washington’s Headaches Only _____ of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral]. State/colony loyalties. Congress couldn’t ______ to raise money for the Continental Army. Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.

Exports & Imports: So, what does all this mean?:

Military Strategies The AmericansThe British

Bunker Hill (June, 1775) The British suffered over 40% casualties.

Washington Crossing the Delaware Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851 – Valley Forge – Pennsylvania Camp -Winter – 2,000 men die of cold and disease Defeats the Hessians 1776 (Trenton, NJ); allows Army to head towards NY

Saratoga: (NY) “Turning Point” of the War? Saratoga: (NY) “Turning Point” of the War? Significance: ________ TOO!

The Battle of Yorktown (1781) Count de Rochambeau Admiral De Grasse RESULT: “Franco- American Victory”

Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown: Painted by John Trumbull, 1797 “The World Turned Upside Down!”

North America After the Treaty of Paris, 1783

Treaty of Paris Took _____ years to negotiate after Yorktown; signed Sept. ____Took _____ years to negotiate after Yorktown; signed Sept. ____ Ben Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay represent AmericaBen Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay represent America War very ____________ in Britain. Britain continues fight with France and Spain in West Indies (want quick negotiation with US)War very ____________ in Britain. Britain continues fight with France and Spain in West Indies (want quick negotiation with US) US and Britain negotiated in _________US and Britain negotiated in _________

Treaty of Paris Americans gain _____________Americans gain _____________ Britain ceded so much land to America it ignored Indian territorial rights promised from French and Indian WarBritain ceded so much land to America it ignored Indian territorial rights promised from French and Indian War Sets US/Canda boundary todaySets US/Canda boundary today America made out best in the endAmerica made out best in the end New idea of “_____________” sets inNew idea of “_____________” sets in

Republicanism “The real revolution was the radical change in the principles, opinions, and sentiments, and affections of the people.” – John Adams“The real revolution was the radical change in the principles, opinions, and sentiments, and affections of the people.” – John Adams Republicanism – a gov’t based on elected assemblies with no king or established nobilityRepublicanism – a gov’t based on elected assemblies with no king or established nobility Based on ________ and ________Based on ________ and ________

Wholesale Price Index:

Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist Strongholds at the End of the War

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation A unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law]. 13 out of 13 to amend. Representatives were frequently absent. Could not tax or raise armies. No executive or judicial branches.

State Constitutions Republicanism. Most had strong governors with veto power. Most had bicameral legislatures. Property required for voting. Some had universal white male suffrage. Most had bills of rights. Many had a continuation of state- established religions while others disestablished religion.

Occupational Composition of Several State Assemblies in the 1780s

Indian Land Cessions:

Disputed Territorial Claims Between Spain & the U. S.:

State Claims to Western Lands

Land Ordinance of 1785

Northwest Ordinance of 1787 One of the major accomplishments of the Confederation Congress! Statehood achieved in three stages: 1.Congress appointed 3 judges & a governor to govern the territory. 2.When population reached 5,000 adult male landowners  elect territorial legislature. 3.When population reached 60,000  elect delegates to a state constitutional convention.

The United States in 1787

American Exports, To & From Britain:

Annapolis Convention (1786) 12 representatives from 5 states [NY, NJ, PA, DE, VA] GOAL  address barriers that limited trade and commerce between the states. Not enough states were represented to make any real progress. Sent a report to the Congress to call a meeting of all the states to meet in Philadelphia to examine areas broader than just trade and commerce.

Shays’ Rebellion: Daniel Shays Western MA Small farmers angered by crushing debts and taxes.

Shays’ Rebellion:

There could be no stronger evidence of the want of energy in our governments than these disorders. -- George Washington

PP Readings – Write questions and answers on a separate sheet 1. Per your reading, what were some significant powers of the Articles of Confederation?1. Per your reading, what were some significant powers of the Articles of Confederation? 2. Why did Maryland and PA originally refuse to sign the AOC?2. Why did Maryland and PA originally refuse to sign the AOC? 3. What was the main financial issue by 1780? What did Robert Morris try to do?3. What was the main financial issue by 1780? What did Robert Morris try to do? 4. Why were the Land Ordinances of the 1780s so significant to the future of America?4. Why were the Land Ordinances of the 1780s so significant to the future of America? 5. Although Shay’s Rebellion failed, how did the Patriot Families view America leadership? How did the British view America as a result of this rebellion?5. Although Shay’s Rebellion failed, how did the Patriot Families view America leadership? How did the British view America as a result of this rebellion? 6. What dominated the postwar political agenda by 1787?6. What dominated the postwar political agenda by 1787? 7. What were some of the major points of interest at the Constitutional Convention when the debate of slavery took place? (Use examples)7. What were some of the major points of interest at the Constitutional Convention when the debate of slavery took place? (Use examples)

Articles of Confederation STRENGTHSWEAKNESSES Declare war Make treaties with other nations Request funds from the states Borrow and Print Money Settle disputes b/n states Land Ordinance of 1785 NW Ord. of 1787 No power to tax No organized military More state rights than central gov’t control\ - states had power to ignore the central gov’t Federal $ and State $ - led major confusion over value No executive and no judicial branch -National Congress – led by John Hancock -Large debts -France & Spain demanding their money back -9 out of 13 to pass law -13 out of 13 to Amend Strengths/Weaknesses

Articles of Confederation Leaders Samuel Adams Patrick Henry Thomas Jefferson James Madison John Adams George Washington Alexander Hamilton

Short Answer – Class/Home 1. To what extent was the American Revolution a movement for the colonists’ civil rights? Provide examples.1. To what extent was the American Revolution a movement for the colonists’ civil rights? Provide examples. 2. “The Articles of Confederation could have worked if given enough time.” – Assess the validity of this quote with respect to the economic and political conditions of the 1780s.2. “The Articles of Confederation could have worked if given enough time.” – Assess the validity of this quote with respect to the economic and political conditions of the 1780s.

Articles of Confederation SlpZX8DOQ