1. The
American
Revolution:
Chapter 7

2. Key Topics
The Major alignment and division among Americans during the Am. Rev.
Major military campaigns
Articles of Confederation and the role of the Confederation Congress during the war
The states as the setting for significant political change

3. On the Eve of the Revolution ?
Britain
Americans
Advantages ?
Disadvantages

4. Loyalists vs. Patriot
Who were the Loyalists and why did they not support the Revolution?
How did the British use them?
How did the Patriots misuse them?
Were the Patriots justified in using harsh measures against their fellow citizens just because they disagreed with them?

5. Loyalist
Strongholds

6. Washington’s Headaches
Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral].
State/colony loyalties.
Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army.
Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben].

7. Exports & Imports:

8. Military Strategies The Americans The British
Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line].
Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war  you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down]
Make an alliance with one of Britain’s enemies.
Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So.
Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally.
“Divide and Conquer”  use the Loyalists.

9. Phase I: The Northern Campaign [1775-1776]

10. The British suffered over 40% casualties.
Bunker Hill (June, 1775)
The British suffered over 40% casualties.

11. Phase II:
NY & PA [ ]

12. Valley Forge
How did the experience at Valley Forge affect the men under Washington’s command?
What would have happened if they hadn’t undergone such as harsh experience?

13. New York City in Flames (1776)

14. Washington Crossing the Delaware Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

15. A modern-day re-enactment
Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War?
A modern-day re-enactment

16. Phase III: The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]

17. Britain’s “Southern Strategy”
Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South.
Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving.
The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!]
Good US General: Nathanial Greene

18. British View Point
How did the British view of the war change over time?
Why did they initially conceive of it as a police action
Why did that view change?

19. The Battle of Yorktown (1781)
Count de Rochambeau
Admiral De Grasse

20. Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:
“The World Turned Upside Down!”
Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

21. Why
did the British
Lose???

22. North America After the Treaty of Paris, 1783

23. Impact of the War
Why was the Revolution so different in different parts of the country?
What was the war like in …
New England
Middle Colonies
South
What impact did this leave after the war?

24. Articles of
Confederation
Government:

25. Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist Strongholds at the End of the War
What concerns were reflected in the terms of the Articles of Confederation?

26. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
A unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law].
13 out of 13 to amend.
Representatives were frequently absent.
Could not tax or raise armies.
No executive or judicial branches.

27. State Constitutions Republicanism.
Most had strong governors with veto power.
Most had bicameral legislatures.
Property required for voting.
Some had universal white male suffrage.
Most had bills of rights.
Many had a continuation of state-established religions while others disestablished religion.

28. Occupational Composition of Several State Assemblies in the 1780s

29. Indian Land Cessions: 1768-1799

30. Disputed Territorial Claims Between Spain & the U. S.: 1783-1796

31. State Claims to Western Lands

32. Land Ordinance of 1785

33. Northwest Ordinance of 1787
One of the major accomplishments of the Confederation Congress!
Statehood achieved in three stages:
Congress appointed 3 judges & a governor to govern the territory.
When population reached 5,000 adult male landowners  elect territorial legislature.
When population reached 60,000  elect delegates to a state constitutional convention.

34. The United States in 1787

35. A Spirit of Reform
How did the Revolution shape the lives of ordinary people, including
Women
Blacks
Indians

36. Legacy of the Revolution
Was the Revolution a radical movement that brought the dispossessed into power, or was it a moderate effort that did not seriously challenge the status quo?