3 Membranes and the Integumentary System Lesson 3.1: Body Membranes Lesson 3.2: The Integumentary System Lesson 3.3: Injuries and Disorders of the Skin

Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System Lesson 3.1 Body Membranes

Body Membranes epithelial membranes connective tissue membranes mucous membranes serous membranes cutaneous membranes connective tissue membranes synovial membranes

Epithelial Membranes mucous membranes serous membranes line cavities open to the environment serous membranes line cavities not open to environment cutaneous membranes form what we know as skin

Mucous Membranes and Serous Membranes

Connective Tissue Membranes synovial membrane capsule around synovial joint tendon sheath synovial fluid

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: synovial, mucous, cutaneous, serous. 1. line cavities open to the environment 2. line cavities not open to the environment 3. tendon sheath 4. form skin

The Integumentary System Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System Lesson 3.2 The Integumentary System

The Integumentary System functions of the integumentary system anatomy of the skin appendages of the skin

Functions of the Integumentary System

Anatomy of the Skin epidermis dermis hypodermis

Layers of the Epidermis Sweat pore Shedding keratinocytes Dead keratinocytes Living keratinocytes Dendritic cell Stem cell Sweat duct Melanocyte Dermis Dermal papilla Tactile nerve fiber Dermal blood vessel

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. The dermis is the superficial layer of the skin. 2. The skin helps regulate body temperature. 3. The epidermis has three layers. 4. The hypodermis is above the dermis. 5. The skin protects against UV radiation.

Epidermal Cells keratinocytes epidermal dendritic cells Merkel cells produce keratin, form layers of epidermis epidermal dendritic cells ward off infections Merkel cells touch receptors

Dermis dense, fibrous connective tissue papillary layer forms fingerprints reticular layer

Hypodermis fibrous connective tissue adipose tissue padding insulation energy storage

Appendages of the Skin sudoriferous (sweat) glands sebaceous glands eccrine apocrine sebaceous glands hair nails

Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks with: hypodermis, keratinocytes, sweat, or papillary. 1. Eccrine is a type of _______________ gland. 2. _______________ produce keratin. 3. Adipose tissue is found in the _______________. 4. The _______________ of the dermis forms fingerprints.

Injuries and Disorders of the Skin Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System Lesson 3.3 Injuries and Disorders of the Skin

Injuries and Disorders of the Skin injuries of the skin infections of the skin and membranes inflammatory conditions of the skin and membranes cancers of the skin

Injuries of the Skin decubitus ulcers burns bedsores caused by restricted blood supply burns first-, second- or third-degree caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or UV radiation rule of nines Suzanne Tucker/Shutterstock.com, JTeffects/Shutterstock.com, Naiyyer/Shutterstock.com

The Rule of Nines The rule of nines recognizes the fact that the adult body is fairly evenly divided by nine: 9% for whole head 9% for left arm 9% for right arm 18% for anterior torso (chest/stomach) 18% for posterior torso (back) 18% for left leg 18% for right leg (If you are observant enough to notice this only adds up to 99%, you are smart enough to figure out where the other 1% is located!)

Burn Size: The Rule of Nines Another (perhaps easier) way to think of this: 9% for whole head 9% for left arm 9% for right arm 9% for abdomen 9% for anterior thorax (chest) 9% for posterior thorax (upper back) 9% for posterior abdomen (lower back) 9% for anterior right leg 9% for anterior left leg 9% for posterior right leg 9% for posterior left leg

Burn Size: The Rule of Nines A third method recognizes the fact that the patient’s closed hand is equal to approximately 1% of their body surface area Small burns, or the unburned area of patients with nearly 100% burns, may be measured in this way

Determining Burn Severity: Depth Human skin has two major layers followed by fat, fascia and muscle The epidermis layer of the skin consists of dry, mostly dead, mostly insensitive skin. It is the ‘top’ and outside layer. Burns to the epidermis are generally 1st degree, or partial thickness, and are not considered clinically significant. Sunburns fall into this category The dermis lies beneath the epidermis, is wet, has blood flow, and contains hair follicles and sweat glands. It also houses sensory nerves. Burns to the dermis are 2nd degree, or partial thickness and generally require medical attention The subcutaneous layer lies beneath the dermis. It consists of a thin layer of fat, fascia and then muscle. Subcutaneous burns are 3rd degree, or full thickness, and always require medical attention

Infections of the Skin and Membranes viral infections herpes varicella herpes zoster herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 human papillomavirus warts Maksym Bondarchuk/Shutterstock.com

Infections of the Skin and Membranes fungal infections athlete’s foot jock itch ringworm toenail fungus bacterial infections impetigo cellulitis

Inflammatory Conditions of the Skin and Membranes pleurisy makes smooth surface of pleura rough peritonitis infection of peritoneum psoriasis involves redness and irritation Kenxro/Shutterstock.com

Cancers of the Skin basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma malignant melanoma ABCD rule Librakv/Shutterstock.com

ABCD Rule

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Herpes zoster causes decubitus ulcers. 2. Peritonitis is an infection of the skin. 3. Impetigo is caused by a fungus. 4. Warts are caused by a virus. 5. Ringworm is caused by a fungus.