Sun-n-Fun 2001 Steve Shaffer National Runway Safety Program Steve Shaffer National Runway Safety Program April 13, 2001

“Runway collisions could cause more U.S. domestic jet deaths over the next two decades than all other causes combined.” Dr. Arnold Barnett, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Model shows one airline jet colliding with another - causing deaths and injuries to 200-plus occupants. MIT Models Show Three Fatal U.S. Jet Aircraft Runway Collisions between

“Runway safety is one of the Federal Aviation Administration’s ‘Top Five’ safety priorities” Jane F. Garvey, Administrator Federal Aviation Administration “FAA needs to be more effective in its actions to decrease the numbers of runway incursions and operational errors…” Kenneth M. Mead, Inspector General U.S. Department of Transportation

“For the last decade, reducing runway incursions has been on the National Transportation Safety Board’s (NTSB) “Most Wanted” list of transportation safety improvements.” Chairman, National Transportation Safety Board

Runway Incursions by Incursion Types Note: CY 2000 data is preliminary and subject to change. Data valid as of October 31, 2000 Data & Trends

429 Runway Incursions During CY 2000 Trends

256 Pilot Deviations during 2000 Pilot Deviations by operations type

Trends Incursions by type

Collision Risk Categories (EXTREMELY HIGH A collision is narrowly avoided through last minute action or by chance (HIGH Corrective action was necessary – taken by ATC or flight crew and near collision was avoided (MEDIUM Serious error but without close conflict (LOW All others

Peak Risk Events Reduced visibility Language barriers Mechanics taxiing aircraft Last flight before a runway change ATC combined positions

Peak Risk Events (cont.) Clearance delivery on Ground Control New tower where formerly there was none Failure to hold short of the parallel runway Anticipated/expected clearances

Current Initiatives Promote Aviation Community Participation in Runway Safety Activities and Solutions Appointed 9 Regional Runway Safety Program Managers Provide Training, Education and Awareness for Pilots, Controllers, and Vehicle Operators –Wide range of videos, computer training, brochures

Current Initiatives Increase the visibility of runway hold line markings –Change existing standards to require double-sized markings (outlined in black with glass beads) at all certificated and towered airports. Publish Advisory Circular for Airport Surface Operations –Standard operating procedures for airport surface operations. For single and dual piloted aircraft. –Covers cockpit issues such as planning, situational awareness, techniques for transiting complex intersections, intra-cockpit coordination and communications with ATC

Regional Workshops Great Lakes28-29 March Eastern 14 April Alaskan April NW Mountain 18 April Southern April Central3-4 May Southwest30-31 May New England May Western Pacific TBD/April International SummitTBD

Great Idea!

Clear & Concise Communications Listen before you transmit Know exactly what you want to say when you call the tower Never assume! Ensure you understand all instructions Readback all “hold short” instructions

Airport Familiarity Review, and if possible, carry airfield charts/diagrams (departure/arrival airport as a minimum) Be responsible for familiarization of arrival and departure airport configurations Be involved in local safety briefings and Safety Manager presentations

Airport Familiarity Review FAA Air Traffic Bulletins for pertinent runway safety information Review Airport Circulars When in doubt, request progressive taxi

Proper Cockpit Procedures Avoid unnecessary conversation during surface operations Constantly scan outside of the cockpit If lost, contact the tower immediately Increase aircraft conspicuity through proper use of aircraft lights

Low Visibility Operations Increased vigilance is required Cockpit workload & distractions tend to increase As cockpit activities increase, attention to detail tends to decrease Fatigue levels increase

Team Effort We will never be satisfied with status quo when it comes to safety. It cannot depend on one person; it requires a commitment and vigilance by all of the players. And that is one of our biggest accomplishments with the renewed program in runway safety.

Teamwork To effectively mitigate the increasing number of runway incursions and related surface incidents, everyone must get INVOLVED!!