WW II The Depression leads to the rise of nationalist parties. The National Socialist Party (Nazi) of Adolf Hitler advocated an authoritarian state and an aggressive foreign policy. With conservative support, Hitler legally took power in 1933 and quickly built a totalitarian state The Nazis create a war machine

WW II Italy follows a similar path. Benito Mussolini forms a fascist state in the 1920’s. Hitler begins rearming and ending reparation payments in 1935, breaking the treaty of Versailles. Mussolini in 1935 attacks Ethiopia Hitler annexes Austria and marches into Czechoslovakia Britain and France appease Germany

WW II Hitler invades Poland in 1939 and Britain and France declare war. War in China starts with a Japanese invasion in Germany, Italy and Japan ally European powers are unprepared for another conflict US wish to remain neutral.

Japan Stalemate in China. Expand into Indochina, Malaysia and Burma. US places an embargo on Japan They attack Pearl Harbor in retaliation By 1942 US gained initiative and recover lost possession and begin major air strikes in 1944.

Germany 1940 Germany defeats Poland, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium and France Aids Italy to seize Yugoslavia and Greece. Britain wins battle for North Africa and conquered lands were forced to supply resources to fight the German war machine Hitler invades Russia.

Germany US join the alliance against Germany in American and British in 1942 push Germans and Italians back in North Africa while Russia at Stalingrad broke the German advance. Italy invaded and Germany suffers heavy bombing. Germany surrenders in May 1945.

End of War Japan surrenders after Americans use atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Massive death 11 million die in Nazi gas chambers 78,000 die from atomic bombs At least 51 million die altogether, 20 million in the Soviet Union alone.

Total War Industrial technology. Military and civilian lines blurred as bombings hit densely populated regions. More civilians killed than military personnel. Involvement of Women Red Cross Nursing Rationing Industry

Settlement United Nations was established to allow for peaceful settlement disputes The great powers—USA, Soviet Union, Britain, France, and China—controlled the Security Council. USA, Britain and Russia meet in Tehran in 1943, where the West agreed to an invasion of France and left Russia free to move into Eastern Europe.

Settlement They met again at Yalta in 1945 and the SU agreed to join against Japan in return for territorial gains in China and Japan Germany divided into four zones Eastern Europe was left under Soviet domination Soviets annexed part of Eastern Poland, who gained compensation by receiving part of Eastern Germany

Settlement Japan was occupied by the USA and stripped of its wartime gains Baltic states once again became Russian provinces. All states except Greece and Yugoslavia fell under Soviet domination. Western nations were free, but under American influence.