English Grammar in Use 情景语法 1: 一般 & 进行时 present simple ; present continuous; past simple; past continuous; future 情景语法 1: 一般 & 进行时 English Grammar in Use

(Ann is in her car. She is on her way to work.) TOM: I'm reading an interesting book at the moment. I’ll lend it to you when I've finished it. Present continuous (Ann is in her car. She is on her way to work.) She is driving to work.

Please don't make so much noise. I'm working. Remember… Often the action is happening at the time of speaking: Please don't make so much noise. I'm working. 'Where's Margaret?' 'She's having a bath.' Let's go out now. It isn't raining any more. not ‘I work’ not ‘'she has a bath’ not ‘'it doesn't rain’

(at a party) Hello, Jane. Are you enjoying the party? Remember… Often the action is happening at the time of speaking: (at a party) Hello, Jane. Are you enjoying the party? I'm tired. I'm going to bed now. Goodnight! not ‘do you enjoy’

Remember… But the action is not necessarily happening at the time of speaking: 1. Some friends of mine are building their own house. They hope it will be finished before next summer. but perhaps she isn't learning Italian exactly at the time of speaking 2. Catherine wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian.

Alex drives a bus. Alex is a bus driver present simple Alex drives a bus. Alex is a bus driver Alex is a bus driver, but now he is in bed asleep. So: He is not driving a bus. (He is asleep.) but He drives a bus. (He is a bus driver.)

2. I usually go away at weekends. Remember… something is true in general ; something happens all the time or repeatedly 2. I usually go away at weekends. 1.Nurses took after patients in hospitals. 3. The earth goes round the sun.

E x r c i s

1 You don’t seem very happy today. 2 What are you doing? I'm thinking. key 1 You don’t seem very happy today. 2 What are you doing? I'm thinking. 3 Who does this umbrella belong to?

E x r c i s

5 Is anybody sitting here? 6 I'm having dinner. key 4 The dinner smells good. 5 Is anybody sitting here? 6 I'm having dinner.

past simple Mozart He lived from 1756 to 1791. He started composing at the age of five and wrote more than 600 pieces of music. He was only 35 years old when he died.

At 10.30, they were playing tennis. past continuous At 10.30, they were playing tennis. (Yesterday Karen and Jim played tennis. They began at 10 o'clock and finished at 11.30. )

1.I work in a travel agency now. Before that I worked in a shop. past simple 1.I work in a travel agency now. Before that I worked in a shop. 2. We invited them to our party but they decided not to come. 3. The police stopped me on my way home last night. 4. She passed her examination because she studied very hard.

1. This time last year I was living in Brazil. past continuous 1. This time last year I was living in Brazil. 2. What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night? 3. I waved to her but she wasn't looking.

E x r c i s I ______ (see) Sue in town yesterday but she ______ (look) the other way.

key I ______ (see) Sue in town yesterday but she ______ (look) the other way. saw ... was looking

E x r c i s I ______ (meet) Tom and Ann at the airport a few weeks ago. They ______ (go) to Berlin and I ______ (go) to Madrid. We ______ (have) a chat while we ______ (wait) for our flights.

key I ______ (meet) Tom and Ann at the airport a few weeks ago. They ______ (go) to Berlin and I ______ (go) to Madrid. We ______ (have) a chat while we ______ (wait) for our flights. met ... were going ... was going ... had ... were waiting/waited

E x r c i s I ______ (cycle) home yesterday when suddenly a man ______ (step) out into the road in front of me. I ______ (go) quite fast but luckily I ______ (manage) to stop in time and ______ (not/hit) him.

key I ______ (cycle) home yesterday when suddenly a man ______ (step) out into the road in front of me. I ______ (go) quite fast but luckily I ______ (manage) to stop in time and ______ (not/hit) him. was cycling ... stepped ... was going ... managed ... didn't hit

present tenses (I am doing / I do) for the future He is playing tennis on Monday afternoon. He is going to the dentist on Tuesday morning. He is having dinner with Ann on Friday. (This is Tom's diary for next week.) In all these examples, Tom has already decided and arranged to do these things.

Remember… Use the present continuous to say what you have already arranged to do. (Do not use the present simple I do): 1. A: What time is Cathy arriving tomorrow? B: At 10.30. I'm meeting her at the station. 2. A: What are you doing on Saturday evening? B: I'm going to the theatre. not 'what do you do' not 'I go'

3.I'm not working tomorrow, so we can go out somewhere. Remember… Use the present continuous to say what you have already arranged to do. (Do not use the present simple I do): 3.I'm not working tomorrow, so we can go out somewhere. 4.Ian isn't playing football on Saturday. He's hurt his leg.

(Ann is in her car. She is on her way to work.) I will & I’m going to (Ann is in her car. She is on her way to work.) She is driving to work.