Thursday, October 2, 2014 Take Out: Today Writing utensil Notes

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Presentation transcript:

Thursday, October 2, 2014 Take Out: Today Writing utensil Notes Homework: Worksheet – Suleyman Coming Up – Quiz on Wednesday! - Age of Exploration & Ottoman Empire info Islam & Ottoman Empire

Islam & the Ottoman Empire

World Map - 1600

Vocabulary Islam – the religion Muslim – one who follows Islam literally, means submission or peace Monotheistic religion Muslim – one who follows Islam Allah – God Arabic word Qu’ran – Holy book sometimes spelled in English as Koran – means recitation

Vocabulary Hadiths – the record of Mohammed’s sayings and deeds Shariah – Islamic Law Muslims must follow (but in reality only a small percentage of Muslims practice complete Shariah) Caliph – successor Pillar – belief There are five pillars of Islam

What is Islam? Monotheistic religion (one god) Hundreds of years old Islam is practiced by 1/5 of the world’s population

What is Islam? What do Muslims believe? Peace, mercy, forgiveness One, Unique, Incomparable God God’s complete authority over human destiny and in life after death Prophet Muhammad and angel Gabriel

Who Was Muhammad? Born in 570 First supernatural visit in 575 Known for his truthfulness, generosity and sincerity sought after to arbitrate disputes Calm and meditative Was content with his ordinary life, but that all changed one day…

Muhammad Gabriel, an angel, began speaking to Muhammad in a cave at the Mountain of Light Gabriel’s Revelation lasted for 23 years This is known as the Quran

Muhammad Muhammad began preaching in public to strangers in the streets in 613 Makkahn authorities saw this as a threat Muhammad had to hide in his uncle’s castle

Muhammad Muhammad escaped to Medina (“City of the Prophet”) to avoid persecution Called the Hijra Occurred in 622, which marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar 2014 = 1435–1436 AH

Muhammad Muhammad died in 632 Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s best friend, became the first caliph

Message of Islam Five pillars of Islam: Faith Prayer Fasting Charity (month of Ramadan) Charity Pilgrimage (Hajj – annual pilgrimage to Mecca)

Message of Islam Monotheism Allah (Arabic name for God) Qu’ran People are responsible for their actions Recognize no official priests

Ottoman Empire By 1300 a small Turkish state grew powerful Became an immense empire stretching across three continents

Ottoman Empire First leader: Osman Westerners called him Othman Called his followers Ottomans Empire became known as Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire Second leader: Osman’s son Orkhan Declared himself sultan – “one with power” Expanded empire

Ottoman Empire Kept expanding under Orkhan’s sons

Ottoman Empire 1512, Ottoman Empire includes Islam’s holy cities Mecca Medina Cairo (intellectual center of Muslim world)

Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire – peak size and grandeur under Suleyman the Lawgiver 1520-1566

Ottoman Empire - decline After? Slow decline due to incompetent leaders

Essential Question What is Islam? How did the Islamic Empire expand?

Expansion of the Islamic Empire