Principles of Flight

Warm-Up Questions CPS Questions 1-2 Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Chapter Overview Lesson 1: Principles of Flight Lesson 2: The Physics of Flight Lesson 3: The Purpose and Function of Airplane Parts Lesson 4: Aircraft Motion and Control Lesson 5: Flight Power Lesson 6: Aviation Innovation Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Lesson Overview The theory of flight Airfoils and flight Newton's laws of motion and aircraft design Bernoulli’s principle, airfoils, and flight The effect of relative wind on flight The effect of angle of attack on flight Chapter 1, Lesson 1

(Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS) Quick Write What kinds of things do you think Chuck Yeager had to learn to accomplish all that he did? (Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS) Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Courtesy of US Air Force

The Theory of Flight Chinese Book of Sui – AD 636 Marco Polo’s man-lifting kites – 13th Century Montgolfier Brothers first hot air balloon – 1783 First manned gliders – 100 years later Propeller-driven airplanes, jets, astronauts to the moon – 20th century Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Airfoils Help create the force for lift Can be wings or propeller blades Include leading and trailing edges and cambers and chord lines Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Adapted from NASA/Glenn Research Center .

Wind Tunnels Help test models of new aircraft Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Reproduced from NASA/Glenn Research Center

Wind Tunnels, cont. The Wright Brothers tested more than 200 wing shapes in a tunnel before the successful 1902 glider Researchers can carefully control airflow conditions and measure the forces on an aircraft model Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Courtesy of NASA

Newton’s First Law of Motion A body in motion tends to stay in motion in a straight line, and a body at rest tends to stay at rest, unless an outside force causes it to stop Chapter 1, Lesson 1 © iStockphoto/Thinkstock

Newton’s Second Law of Motion   Explains how much force is needed to cause an object to move faster Force = mass x acceleration, or F = ma Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Waiting for Credit line if needed

Newton’s Second Law of Motion, cont. You could use F=ma to calculate exactly how powerful an engine would have to be to supply enough pushing force to accelerate for takeoff Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Courtesy of NASA

Activity 1: Newton’s First and Second Laws of Motion Review Newton’s First and Second Laws of Motion and their mathematical formulas Apply the formulas to complete the questions Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Learning Check Questions CPS Questions 3-4 Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Newton’s Third Law of Motion “For every action is there an equal and opposite reaction” Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Reproduced from NASA

Newton’s Third Law of Motion, cont. Jet propulsion is an example Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Courtesy of US Air Force

Activity 2: Newton’s Third Law of Motion   Review Newton’s Third Law and the scenario Answer questions using the principle of Newton’s Third Law of Motion Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Bernoulli’s Principle Increased airflow causes a decrease in air pressure Air flowing over the curved upper surface of a wing speeds up Increase in speed reduces pressure above the wing and produces the upward lifting force Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Reproduced from NASA Quest

Activity 3: Bernoulli’s Principle in Action In your assigned group, conduct an experiment to demonstrate Bernoulli’s Principle in action   Follow the procedures in order and record what happened Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Effect of Relative Wind on Flight Relative wind has both a speed and a direction When a plane flies, relative wind blows in nearly the exact opposite direction to the plane’s direction Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Reproduced from Civil Air Patrol

Learning Check Questions CPS Questions 5-6 Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Effect of Angle of Attack on Flight If a plane alters pitch— the up and down movement of the plane’s nose—the angle of attack on its wings will change As angle of attack increases, wings generate more lifting force Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Reproduced from NASA/Glenn Research Center .

Critical Angle of Attack Point at which a plane stalls—around 15⁰ Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Reproduced from NASA/Glenn Research Center

Activity 4: Building Planes and Concepts of Flight Build a paper jet airplane With a group, conduct some flight tests Determine what concepts and principles of flight are observed Record findings on chart Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Summary The theory of flight Airfoils and flight Newton's laws of motion and aircraft design Bernoulli’s principle, airfoils, and flight The effect of relative wind on flight The effect of angle of attack on flight Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Review Questions CPS Questions 7-8 Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Next…. Done – principles of flight Next - physics of flight Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Reproduced from NASA/Glenn Research CenterReproduced Center