Vocab. #6 Quiz Key 1.O 2.D 3.L 4.S 5.M 6.E 7.C 8.N 9.U 10.K 11.I 12.A 13.R 14.B 15.G 16.H 17.F 18.Q 19.J 20.P 21.T

The 1970s

S.A.L.T  In 1972, the U.S. began talks with the Soviets about arms limitations.  SALT = STRATEGIC ARMS LIMITATION TALKS  There was an increased period of détente – an easing of tensions between rivals (enemies) through increased diplomatic, commercial & cultural contact President Gerald Ford and Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev

BLACK SEPTEMBER  In 1972, Olympics were held in MUNICH, West Germany  Black September was an EXTREMIST movement of the Palestine National Liberation Movement, called al- Fatah (a group dedicated to recovering the homeland of the Palestinians back from the ISRAELI occupation  September 5, 1972: 8 members of al-Fatah gained easy access to the ISRAELI ATHLETES at the Olympic village. They killed 2 and took 9 hostages.

 The terrorists demanded the release of 200 Palestinians who were imprisoned in Israel.  At the airport, German sharpshooters opened fire too soon and all of the hostages were killed. Six of the nine terrorists were killed & three captured.  In retaliation, Israel bombed sites in Lebanon & Syria. Hostages killed at the airport

LACK of ENERGY  1974 – OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) temporarily embargoed (blocked trade) oil to all nations who supported Israel, including U.S.  This embargo created higher prices & shortages all over U.S.  Jimmy Carter (elected President in 1976) urged people to turn down their thermostats & put in place a 55 mile-per-hour speed limit on all interstates

KHOMEINI in IRAN  1979 – the AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI took over Iran after the Shah (king), Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, fled after a coup (overthrow)  The revolution had been an Islamic Revolution – a matter of religion rather than politics.  The shah came to the U.S. for medical treatment. In response, 500 Iranians stormed the U.S. embassy in Iran & took 66 embassy employees hostage!

 April 24, 1980 – President Carter authorized an Army Special Forces unit to attempt a rescue. The mission failed (humiliation for the U.S.).  January 20, 1981 – Ronald Reagan became President & the hostages were released.

SOVIETS in AFGHANISTAN (“RUSSIAN VIETNAM”)  December 1979 – USSR (Soviet Union) sent troops into Afghanistan to install & support a Marxist government under Babrak Karmal  The goal was to create a buffer client state between USSR & Pakistan, which had close ties to China (Russian enemy)  100,000 Soviet troops had to fight the MUJAHADIN “Islamic warriors”

 The MUJAHADIN, like the VIETCONG, were poorly equipped by excellent GUERILLA FIGHTERS  The US recruited an outspoken Islamic billionaire named OSAMA BIN LADEN to go to Afghanistan & help train resistance fighters.  As a result of the invasion, the US & 60 other nations boycotted the 1980 Olympics which were held in Moscow  (The Russians finally withdrew in 1989, having never conquered Afghanistan.)