INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION Now a day, there are many companies, which depend on their computers for their day-to-day activities. The present modern age may be referred as “Age of Information Technology”,. Information through computers plays a very important role in small, medium or large; a public or a private sector undertakings; a manufacturing or a services organization; a local or global corporation and an established business house.

INTRODUCTION CONT.……. The application of computers to information processing began in 1954 when one of the first computers was programmed to process payroll. The computer has added one or more dimensions, such as speed, accuracy, and increased volumes of data that permit the consideration of more alternatives in a decision.

WHAT IS AN INFORMATION SYSTEM? An information system (IS) can be any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, data resources, and policies and procedures that collects, stores, retrieves, transforms, and distributes information in an organization.

WHAT IS AN INFORMATION SYSTEM? CONT…… People rely on modern information system to communicate with each other using a variety of physical devices (hardware), information processing instructions and procedures ( software), communications channels (networks), and stored data (data management).

WHAT IS AN INFORMATION SYSTEM? CONT…… Today end users rely on many types of information system (IS). They might include simple manual (paper-and-pencil) hardware devices and informal (word-of-mouth) communications channels.

WHAT IS AN INFORMATION SYSTEM? CONT…… in this course, we will concentrate on computer-based information system that use computer hardware and software, telecommunications networks, computer-based data management techniques, and other forms of information technology to transform data resources into a variety of information products.

WHY STUDY INFORMATION SYSTEM AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY? We can discuss importance of information system in two perspectives: An end user perspective, and An enterprise perspective

WHY STUDY INFORMATION SYSTEM AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY? CONT…. An end user perspective: Anyone who uses an information system or the information it produces is an end users A managerial end user is a manager, entrepreneur, or managerial-level professional who personally uses information system. So, most managers are managerial end users. Business and other organizations need people who can use networked computer workstations to enhance their own personal productivity and the productivity of their work groups, departments, and organizations.

WHY STUDY INFORMATION SYSTEM AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY? CONT…. An enterprise perspective: A major functional area of business that is as important to business success. A major part of the resources of an enterprise and its cost of doing business. An important factor affecting operational efficiency, employee productivity and morale, and customer service and satisfaction. A major source of information and support needed to promote effective decision making by managers. An important ingredient in developing competitive products and services that give an organization a strategic advantage in the global marketplace. A vital, dynamic, and challenging career opportunity for millions of men and women.

WHAT MANAGERIAL END USERS NEED TO KNOW?

Foundation Concepts: What is information system, and why are they important to end users and their organizations? Technology: that they should have an understanding of major concepts, developments, and management issues in information technology - that is, hardware, software, telecommunications, database management, and other information processing technologies. Applications: In what ways can information system assist end users and organizations in accomplishing their work activities and meeting their strategic objectives? Example: end-user computing, office automation, transaction processing, the functional areas of business, management reporting, decision support, executive support, competitive advantage, and artificial intelligence. Development : How should end users or information specialists develop information system solutions to business problems?

Management: How should business end users meet the major challenges they face in managing information technology in their organization? Answering this question requires understanding what methods you can use to manage the resources, technologies, and activities of information system.

ROLES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS Information system performs three vital roles in any type of organization: Support of business operations. Support of managerial decision making. Support of strategic competitive advantage: For example, decisions on what lines of merchandise need to be added or discontinued, or on what kind of investment they require, are typically made after an analysis provided by computer-based information system.

BENEFITS OF USE NETWORK COMPUTERS

Industry or Function ApplicationBenefits Marketing Track status of promotions Identify purchase influences and timing of decisions Prepare reports on site Better information on sales activities Reports get done more quickly Distribution Bill of leading data and calculations Delivery and field sales data collection Enter and track parcel data More timely information on field operations Better customer service Field Service Remote access to parts catalog and availability Troubleshooting support Repair handbooks Scheduling and dispatching Service records Payment and receipt records Better service to customer More efficient scheduling

Transportation Airline and train schedules Reservations Rental car check-in and receipt generation Monitor on time performance Convenience to customers Replace paper forms and records More timely information Financial Services Stock exchange floor trader support More accurate records Reduces risk of fraud Wholesale Sales Record sales results Send results to corporate mainframe Receive updates on product prices and availability More accurate and timely information Eliminate unnecessary phone contracts Cuts paperwork Retail Sales Capture sales and demographic data Update inventory data Assesses promotional results Tighter control over field operations Insurance Access corporate data for quotes Perform complex rate calculations. Quicker quotations to customers.