1. Management Information Systems

2. Information systems
It is an organized combination of people,hardware,software,communications networks, and data resources that collects , transforms , and disseminates information in an organization.
A set of interrelated information technologies that work together to process, store, collect, and distribute information

3. Management Information Systems (MIS)
Management information system (MIS)
An MIS provides managers with information and support for effective decision making, and provides feedback on daily operations
Output, or reports, are usually generated through accumulation of transaction processing data
Each MIS is an integrated collection of subsystems, which are typically organized along functional lines within an organization

4. Definitions
Data
Raw facts such as an employee’s name and number of hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers or sales orders.
Information
A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves.
Information
Data
$35, Units $12,000 J. Jones Western Region $100, Units 35 Units
Salesperson: J. Jones Sales Territory: Western Region Current Sales: 147 Units = $147,000
Data Processing

5. Definitions Information Systems
An information system(IS) is typically considered to be a set of interrelated elements or components that collect(input), manipulate(processes), and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective.

6. The Value of Information
Accuracy
Timeliness
Accessibility
Engagement
Application
Rarity

7. Characteristics of a Management Information System
Provides reports with fixed and standard formats
Hard-copy and soft-copy reports
Uses internal data stored in the computer system
End users can develop custom reports
Requires formal requests from users

8. Objectives of Information Systems :
Essentially these can be seen as the benefits that an organisation can achieve through the successful use of an Information System
Efficient Operations
maximization of throughput with respect to the unit of resource input
the organisation obtains maximum benefit with the least waste from the resources it allocates to tasks
Effective Management
the ability to produce the intended output in a satisfactory manner
a measure of how well the products and/or services of an organisation meet customer needs

9. Major areas of Information Systems
Management of IS(Resources and Strategies)
Development of IS(Solutions to Business Problems)
Applications of IS(To Operations, Management and Strategic Advantages)
Technology of IS(Hardware , Software , Networks , and Data Management)
Foundation Concepts of IS(Fundamental Behavioral and Technical Concepts)
Major areas of Information Systems

10. Types of Computer-based Information Systems
Data Processing Systems
accounts processing
routine product control
personnel
Office Automation Systems :
document preparation and management
databases and associated software
diaries and schedulers
spreadsheets
Management Information Systems
use data from data processing systems to produce

11. Decision Support Systems :
summary information
generally simple statistical models
aggregate data, production, output, etc.
Decision Support Systems :
extended MISs which incorporate more sophisticated statistical and predictive models
allow “what-if” analysis and hypothesis testing
highly interactive, governed by user input
Executive Information Systems :
can be further extensions of DSSs to allow development of strategic modelling
can also be extended MISs which permit much higher levels of aggregation of data
usually highly graphical, permitting access to a wide range of information through a friendly user interface

12. Simple Classification of Information Systems
Informal Information Systems :
evolving complex patterns of human behaviour
never formalized by the organisation
often vital to the effectiveness of communication within the organisation and hence the effectiveness of the organisation itself
“grapevine” can be negative and/or positive
Manual Information Systems :
formalized procedures, not computer based, for production of information within an organisation
Historically, prior to computers, all organizational information systems operated in this way, with clerks

13. Computer-based Information Systems :
processing the information.
Still many such systems through :
organizational unwillingness to invest in new technology
development costs not balanced by business advantage/productivity gains
specialist skills of staff cannot be replicated in computerized system
Computer-based Information Systems :
automated systems
use I.T.
Must often interface with some manual Information Systems
We are only really concerned with these, and we will focus exclusively on these from now on.

14. Support of business Operations
Information Systems
Systems
Support
Operations
Management
Support of business Operations
Support of Managerial
Decision Making

15. IS Vs IT Payroll System INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Hardware
Software
Databases
Networks
Other related components
Inventory System
are used to build
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Marketing System
Customer Service System

16. Expanding Roles of IS Data Processing: 1950s-1960s
Management Reporting: 1960s-1970s
Decision support: 1970s-1980s
Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990s
Global Internetworking: 1990s-2000s

17. Classification of IS

19. Classification of IS Information Systems Operations Support System
Management Support System
Transaction processing systems
Office automation systems
Decision support systems
Executive information systems
Management information systems
Process control systems

20. 1. Operations support systems process data generated by business operations
Major categories are:
i) Transaction processing systems
ii) Process control systems
iii) Office automation systems
2. Management Support Systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers
Major categories are
Management Information System
Decision Support Systems
Executive Information System

21. Operations Support System
i) Transaction processing systems
Process business exchanges
Maintain records about the exchanges
Handle routine, yet critical, tasks
Perform simple calculations
ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial processes.
iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and enhance office communications and productivity.

22. 2. Management support systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers
Major categories are:
Management information systems
Routine information for routine decisions
Operational efficiency
Use transaction data as main input
Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas

23. ii) Decision Support System
Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems
End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS
iii) Executive information systems
provide critical information tailored to the information needs of executives

24. Other categories
Expert systems
End user computing systems
Business information systems
d) Strategic information systems
a) Expert Systems are knowledge-based systems that provides expert advice and act as expert consultants to the users
b) End user computing systems support the direct, hands on use of computers by end users for operational and managerial applications
c) Business information systems support the operational and managerial applications of the basic business functions of a firm
d) Strategic information systems provide a firm which strategic products, services, and capabilities for competitive advantage

25. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Integrated programs that can manage a company’s entire set of business operations
Coordinates planning, inventory control, production and ordering

26. Information Systems Development

27. IS as Discipline
IS is an interdisciplinary field influenced by Computer Science, Political Science, Psychology, Operations Research, Linguistics, Sociology, and Organizational Theory.

29. Challenges Workforce downsizing Information overload Employee mistrust
Difficult to built
Security breaches

30. Opportunities Enhanced global competitiveness
Capture market opportunities
Support corporate strategy
Enhance worker productivity
Improve quality of goods and services

31. Conclusion
Information Systems are indispensable to the business, industry, academia and any organization to meet the future challenges