1. INFORMATION SYSTEM CATEGORIES
Information Systems - Basics of Information
INFORMATION SYSTEM CATEGORIES

2. Information Systems - Basics of Information
INTRODUCTION
An information System is a set of inter related components that collect, manipulate, store and disseminate data and information and also provide a feedback mechanism to meet the objectives of the organization. An Information system is an arrangement of people, data, process, interfaces, networks and technology that interacts to support and improve day to day operations; these systems disseminate information for a specific purpose. Information Systems require physical resources as men, machines, materials and money for smooth functioning.

3. NEED OF EFFICIENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Information Systems - Basics of Information
NEED OF EFFICIENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
An organization wants to enhance productivity and profitability by consolidating their information resources.
Information systems create a positive impact on the functioning
Information systems create a knowledge base
Information Systems improve administration
Positive impact on efficiency
Improves professionalism
Improves work culture
Better decision making
Helpful in Automation
Competitive advantage

4. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Information system can be manual or computerized. Computer based information system are set of integrated components like hardware, software, databases, tele-communications, People and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store and process data into information.
The basic components of a business information system are:
Hardware
Software
Databases
Telecommunications, Network and Internet
Procedures
People

5. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Hardware
Hardware consists of computer equipment used to perform input, processing and output activities. It may include keyboard, mouse and other pointing devices etc.
Software
Software consists of the computer programs that govern the operations of the customers, and provide managers with information to increase profits, reduce costs
Types of Software:
System software : It controls basic computer operations including start-up and printing.
Application software: It allows you to accomplish specific tasks like word processing or creating spread sheets.

6. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Telecommunications, Networks & Internet
Telecommunications means the electronic transmission of signals for communication, which enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through effective computer networks.
Databases
A database is an organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files. An organization’s database can contain facts and information on customers, employees, vendors, inventory, competitor’s sales, online purchases, and much more.

7. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
People People are the most important element in most computer-based information systems as they make the difference between success and failure. Information systems personnel include the I.T specialists. Procedures Procedures include the strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using the information systems, including the operation, maintenance and security of the computer.

8. EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
1950s to 1960s: Until late fifties and early sixties, the role of information systems was limited to record keeping, transaction processing, accounting and other simple data processing activities which basically include recording, classifying, manipulating and summarizing data.
1960s to 1970s: During this period, the concept of Management Information System was introduced. Information Systems’ role was to provide managerial reports to the managers in specific format on fixed intervals and thus helping them to take managerial decisions. Examples included: analysis of sales, production schedules/performance and cost related reports.

9. EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
1970s to 1980s: During this decade, the need was felt that the pre-defined and routine reports do not serve the purpose of managers and professionals as these are not sufficient for making decisions.
1990s to 2000s: With the rapid growth of information and communication technology, global networks drastically changed the capabilities and capacities of information system. Web enabled global businesses (e- commerce and e- business) came into being which actually changed the way business/commerce is done. Every organization started working on developing the websites and web stores and all phases of business were transformed.

10. TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ON THE BASIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEVELS)
Information Systems - Basics of Information
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ON THE BASIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEVELS)
Nature of business function or activities
Type of decision making
Level of management
Enterprise Information System (EIS)
Decision Support System( DSS)
Management Information System (MIS)
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
Automatic Systems
Expert System
Virtual Reality
And AI Systems
Top
Middle
Bottom

11. CATEGORIES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Information Systems - Basics of Information
CATEGORIES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Operational Level Information Systems
The Operational level information systems are developed to cater to the information needs of managers at the operational.
Tactic level Information Systems
Tactical level information systems can also be referred to as management support systems.
Strategic level Information Systems 
Basically used by top level management, strategic information systems are those information systems that help in seizing opportunities.

12. TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ON THE BASIS OF SUPPORT PROVIDED)
Information Systems - Basics of Information
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ON THE BASIS OF SUPPORT PROVIDED)
Transaction Processing Systems
These systems were designed to reduce costs by automating routine or labor-intensive business transactions. Transaction processing system (TPS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record complete business transactions.
Enterprise Resource Planning
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is a set of integrated programs that manages the vital business operations for an organization. Most ERP systems provide integrated software to support manufacturing and finance

13. TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ON THE BASIS OF SUPPORT PROVIDED)
Management Information Systems
MIS focuses on operational efficiency and supports major functional areas like marketing, production, finance etc. which are linked through a common database. MISs typically provides standard reports generated with data and information from TPS.
Decision Support Systems
The focus of a DSS is on making effective decisions. A DSS helps a manger “do the right things”. A DSS goes beyond a traditional MIS by providing immediate assistance in solving problems, which are unique and complex, and key information is often difficult to obtain for taking decisions.

14. TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ON THE BASIS OF SUPPORT PROVIDED)
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is an area in which machines take over complex, dangerous, routine, or boring tasks, such as welding car frames or assembling computer systems and components.
Expert Systems
Expert Systems give the computer the ability to make suggestions and function like an expert in a particular field who is helping to enhance the performance of naïve user.
Virtual Reality
Virtual reality is the simulation of a real imagined environment that can be experienced visually in three dimensions. A Variety of input devices, like the head- mounted displays, data gloves, joysticks etc.

15. www.itlecturenotes.com CULTURAL LANGUAGE TIME AND DISTANCE
GLOBAL CHALLENGES IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS
CULTURAL
LANGUAGE
TIME AND DISTANCE
INFRASTRUCTURE
CURRENCY
PRODUCT AND SERVICE
STATE, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL LAWS

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