Chapter 16: Applications of Neutralization Titrations CHE 321: Quantitative Chemical Analysis Dr. Jerome Williams, Ph.D. Saint Leo University

Overview Reagents for NeutralizationTitrations Typical Applications Neutralization Titrations

Neutralization Titrations Neutralization titrations are widely used to determine concentration of analytes that are themselves acids or bases. Normally use water as solvent system; some cases require non-aqueous solvents due to solubility or other constraints.

Reagents for Neutralization Titrations Standard Acid Solutions are most easily prepared from stock concentrated solutions of strong acids (e.g., hydrochloric, perchloric, or sulfuric acids). They are stable indefinitely. Once prepared the acid solution must be standardized against a primary standard base like sodium carbonate, TRIS, sodium tetraborate decahydrate.

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Figure 16-2 p384

Reagents for Neutralization Titrations Standard Base Solutions are most easily prepared from stock concentrated solutions of strong bases (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or barium hydroxide). Once prepared the base solution must be standardized against a primary standard acid like potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), benzoic acid, potassium hydrogen iodate.

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Applications: Neutralization Titrations Elemental Analysis – Nitrogen analysis (Kjeldahl methods) – Sulfur analysis – Other Elements (see Table 16.1) Inorganic & Organic Substances – Review methodologies

Table 16-1 p390

Table 16-2 p391

Figure 16-3a p392

Figure 16-3b p392

Figure 16-3c p392

Figure 16-3d p392

Figure 16-3e p392

Suggested Problems HW Set 14: 16.2, 16.10, 16.14, (a,b,c), 16.20, 16.21