2014 ECOSYSTEMS Výukový materiál EK Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

 elementary structural and functional unit of the biosphere including:  living component - biocoenosis  non living component – abiotic environment  there are natural relationships for the balance of the whole ecosystem ECOSYSTEMS

 terrestrial (land) ecosystems = geobiocoenosis:  borders are determined according to the most striking component - vegetation  all ecosystems:  characterized as open systems:  energy flow  substance circulation  development ECOSYSTEMS

 ecosystems are dependant on inputs:  solar energy  CO 2  water  mineral substances  ecosystems are dependant on outputs:  breathing  radiation  soil elution  flowing-off the surface water  wind erosion ECOSYSTEMS

 natural ecosystems:  oak-hornbeam forest  peatbog  lake  river branch  forest pool  even a tree stump ECOSYSTEMS

 artificial ecosystems:  created by the human activity  they are kept just thanks to so called additional energy > fertilizers, sprays, cultivations, weeding  field  orchard  aquarium ECOSYSTEMS

 in the ecosystem exist reciprocal relationships  most important are nutritional relationships = trophic  classification of organisms according to trophic relations:  producers  consumers  destroyers ECOSYSTEMS

 producers:  autotrophic organisms > photosynthesis  green plants  bacteria  plants in their biomass bind 1% of all substances  produced organic mass = primary production of the ecosystem ECOSYSTEMS

 consumers:  heterotrophic organisms > they consume organic substances created by producers  herbivora  carnivora  detritophags  parasites of plants, animals and humans ECOSYSTEMS

 destroyers = decomposers  organisms performing gradual decomposition of the necrotic organic mass into inorganic compounds - CO 2, H 2 O and mineral substances  substances are used again by producers  transmission of substances and energy proceeds in food chains ECOSYSTEMS

 decomposition:  key process in the nutrient cycle  among the most important groups of decomposers belong fungi and bacteria ECOSYSTEMS

WORKSHEET

 KINCL, Lubomír, Miloslav KINCL a Jana JAKRLOVÁ. Biologie rostlin: pro 1. ročník gymnázií. 4., přeprac. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, 2006, 302 s. ISBN SOURCES