1 Long Term Evolution

2 Agenda Evolution & Background Key Technologies 3GPP requirements for convergence Network Architecture (GSM/GPRS/HSPA/LTE) Comparison Time Line of LTE

3 Wireless Access Evolution & Background  New Services  Efficiency  More Data Services required Broadband Subscribers Voice  Coverage  Mobility  Voice Quality  Portability  Capacity  Data Service  Broadband  Network Simplification  Cost of Ownership

4 Telephony Office TV Mobile Home Mobile Triple Play - Telephony, Data and Video/TV delivered by 3G networks

5 Key Technologies

6 Two Key technologies are evolving to meet the Wireless Broadband Requirements n (smart antennas) Mesh extns. Local Area Fixed Wide Area Mobile Coverage/Mobility Metro Area Nomadic (Fixed LOS) a/d (Fixed NLOS) b/a/g Mobile Industry Fixed Wireless Industry 4G Air Interfaces Data Rates (kbps) 100,000 + GSM UMTS HSPA GPRSEDGE LTE 3GPP MOBILE BROADBAND DSL Experience Dial Up Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit e (Mobile WIMAX) Fibre Experience

7 Goal of LTE/Converge Networks

8 What is 3GPP and LTE

9 What is 3GPP? 3GPP stands for 3 rd Generation Partnership Project It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (Standards Development Organizations) These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional standards Japan USA

10 Towards LTE

11 3G Technologies Overview 3GPP : UMTS  Phase 1 (3GPP release 5) : HSDPA service,  Phase 2 (3GPP release 6):HSUPA Uplink high-speed data  Phase 3 :(3GPP release 7) HSPA+ Capacity Improvements in UL and DL, above 10 Mbps Next-Generation Cellular System (in about 2010) (LTE) Release 8  100 Mbps DL and 50 Mbps UL full-mobility wide area coverage  1 Gbps low-mobility local area coverage

12 LTE Access LTE radio access  Downlink: OFDM  Uplink: SC-FDMA Advanced antenna solutions  Diversity  Beam-forming  Multi-layer transmission (MIMO) Spectrum flexibility  Flexible bandwidth  New and existing bands  Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD 20 MHz1.4 MHz TX SC-FDMA OFDMA

13 Network Architecture (GSM/GPRS/HSPA/LTE)

14 Architecture’s GSM Basic Blocks GSM Voice Call GSM Data Call HSPA LTE

15 GSM Architecture Overview A GSM system is made up of three subsystems:  The mobile station (MS)  The Base station subsystem (BSS)  The Network and switching subsystem (NSS) The interfaces defined between each of these sub systems include:  “A” interface between NSS and BSS  “Abis” interface between BSC and BTS (Within the BSS)  “Um” air interface between the BSS and the MS

16 MSC OMO PSTN Fixed Network BSC GSM Voice Network Only Voice Call HSCS 9.6 Kp/s

17 GSM Architecture Abis Interface Interface

18 GSM Voice and Data Call Architecture Voice Calls Path Data Calls Path Packet Data14.4 Kp/s

19 Terminology Update  EPC = Evolved Packet core (earlier SAE=System Architecture Evolution).  e UTRAN = Evolved UTRAN (earlier LTERAN = Long Term Evolution).  EPS = Evolved Packet Systems including EPC and Terminals.

20 Evolution Path Architecture The control plane and the user plane communicate with each other simultaneously Node B communicates with RNC which in turn communicates with SGSN and GGSN Yesterday

21 Evolution Path Architecture Node B Can now bypass the SGSN through the user plane. The pay load (user plane) from Node B is now routed directly to the gateway Today

22 Evolution Path Architecture The pay load is to be directed to a tunnel (eUTRAN) Payload goes directly from the evolved node B to the Gateway Control plane is directed at the Mobility management end. Tomorrow

23 LTE Architecture EvolvedPacketCore MME/UPE = Mobility Management Entity/User Plane Entity eNB = eNodeB

24 Evolved Packet Switching Network Architecture MME P-GW/S-GW MME P-GW/S-GW LTE NODE B S11 S1-Cp X2 Gi Interfaces Air Interface EPCEPC EUTRANEUTRAN

25 2G Towards 3G Networks GGSN IP networks SGSN Iu Gb 2G3G BSC BTS RNC Node B HLR PCRF Gr Gi Iur Gx Only PS Domain shown Gn Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects

26 GGSN IP networks SGSN Iu CP Gb 2G3G BSC BTS RNC Node B HLR/HSS PCRF Iu UP Gr Gi Iur Gx Only PS Domain shown Gn Optimizing the 3G/HSPA payload plane for Broadband traffic HSPA (Higher Speed Packet Access) 10 Mb/s

27 3GPP Release Timeline Rel 99 Rel 4Rel 5Rel 6Rel WCDMA 2008 MSC Split HSDPAHSPA+HSUPA Rel 8 LTE

28 LTE Offer’s Performance and capacity DL 100 Mbps AND UL 50 Mbps Simplicity Flexible Bandwidths (5Mhz-20Mhz), FDD and TDD plug-and-play Devices self-configuration Devices self-optimization Devices

29 LTE (Long Term Evolution) Radio Side (LTE – Long Term Evolution)  Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency  Simplification of the radio network  Efficient support of packet based services Network Side (SAE – System Architecture Evolution)  Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput  Simplification of the core network  Optimization for IP traffic and services  Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access technologies

30 Evolution of 3GPP Radio Rates

31 LTE Objectives Reduced cost per bit  Improve spectrum efficiency ( e.g. 2-4 x Rel6)  Reduce cost of backhaul (transmission in UTRAN) Increased service provisioning – more services at lower cost with better user experience Focus on delivery of services utilising ”IP” Reduce setup time and round trip time Increase the support of QoS for the various types of services (e.g. Voice over IP) Increase peak bit rate (e.g. above 100Mbps DL and above 50Mbps UL) Allow for reasonable terminal power consumption

32 LTE Secrets 2 main issues have been investigated:  The physical layer  The access network internal architecture Physical layer  Downlink based on OFDMA OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity etc  Uplink based on SC-FDMA SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices (battery power considerations)  For both FDD and TDD modes (User Equipment to support both) With Similar framing + an option for TD SCDMA framing also Access Network consideration  For the access network it was agreed to get rid of the RNC which minimized the number of nodes

33 LTE Architecture PDN GW Serving GW MME S1-MME S1-U LTE IP networks eNodeB SGSN Iu CP Gb 2G3G S3 BSC BTS RNC Node B HLR/HSS PCRF Iu UP S11 Gr S10 S6a SGi X2 Iur S7 Non-3GPP access S2a/b S4 PDN GW Serving GW ”Gateway” MMESGSN ”Mobility Server” PCRF HLR/HSS ”HLR/HSS” EPC eNode B RBS OSS PA/DU Core & IMS PA/DU Radio

34 Core Nodes of LTE Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) - to provide connections for GERAN (GSM Radio Access Network) and UTRAN Networks (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) Serving Gateway - to terminate the interface toward the 3GPP radio-access networks PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing, addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP access networks Mobility Management Entity (MME) - to manage control plane context, authentication and authorization 3GPP anchor - to manage mobility for 2G/3G and LTE systems SAE anchor - to manage mobility for non 3GPP RATs Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects

35 PDN GW Serving GW MME S1-MME S1-U LTE IP networks eNodeB SGSN Iu CP Gb 2G3G S3 BSC BTS RNC Node B HLR/HSS PCRF Iu UP S11 Gr S10 S6a SGi X2 Iur S7 Non-3GPP access S2a/b The PDN and Serving GW may be separate nodes in some scenarios (S5 in-between) Only PS Domain shown S4 From 3GPP to LTE/SAE PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing, addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP access networks

36 LTE Architecture GbIu GERANUTRAN 3G 2G LTE RAN LTE Non-3GPP MME/ UPE SGi IP networks S3 S4 S5a S6 S7 S1 S2 ”EVOLVED PACKET CORE” MME = Mobility Management Entity IASA = Inter-Access System Anchor PCRF HSS SGSN 3GPP Anchor SAE Anchor S5b IASA

37 Comparison

38 +True high-speed mobile data +Full-motion HD video anywhere +Stream any content +Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0 (Networking) +Triple play EDGE EVDO-A HSDPA LTE Fiber ADSL-2+ ADSL Mbps Mbps Fiber like speed on mobile Comparison with Speed

39 +Spectral efficiency Better utilization of spectrum available +Low frequency, Advanced Receivers and Smart Antenna For improved coverage and reduced cost of ownership +Increased Capacity Much higher user and sector throughput for lower individual cost service delivery +Simpler RAN, IP Core & Centralized service delivery Fewer nodes & interfaces (Node- B/RNC/Gateway) One Network & IMS for all access technologies +Connect to legacy cores Existing network asset investment protection +3GPP/2 Market traction Economy of scale LTE VoIP cost* UMTS rel.99 voice call cost $ 10% 3GPP subscribers 85% market share Predicted LTE VoIP voice call cost* - Sound Partners Limited Research Comparison Cost

msec latency Highly Responsive Multimedia +Improved user experience +Fast VoIP call set-up +Instantaneous web pages +Streaming fast buffering +Online mobile gaming EDGE EVDO-A HSDPA LTE Fiber ADSL-2+ ADSL Response Time

41 LTE Time Line

42 3G- R’99 HSPA HSPA Evolution LTE / kbps3.6 Mbps21/28/42 Mbps~150 MbpsPeak rate /14 Mbps Mobile broadband speed evolution LTE Evolution Gbps Target

43 References ers/lte_overview.pdf ers/lte_overview.pdf

44 Thank you