1 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. How would you prepare for the technology you need

222 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Agenda Introduction IPv6 Integration and co-existence Dual Stack Tunnel IPv6-only to IPv4-only

333 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. A need for IPv6? IETF IPv6 WorkGroup began in early 90s, to solve addressing growth issues, but CIDR, NAT,… were developed IPv4 32 bits address = 4 billion hosts ~40% of the IPv4 address space is still unused BUT IP is everywhere Data, Voice, Audio and Video integration is a Reality Regional Registries apply a strict allocation control Addressing scheme is not optimum as for any

444 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Explosion of New Internet Appliances

555 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Coming Back to an End-to-End Architecture Global Addressing Realm New Technologies/Applications for Home Users ‘Always-on’—Cable, DSL, Wireless,… New Technologies/Applications for Home Users ‘Always-on’—Cable, DSL, Wireless,… Internet started with End to End connectivity for any applications Today, NAT and Application-Layer Gateways connecting disparate networks Always-on Devices NeedAlways-on Devices Need an Address When You Call Them Call Them, eg. - Mobile Phones - Gaming - Residential Voice over IP gateway

666 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Deployment of the Production IPv6 Internet In order to build the production IPv6 Internet, IPv6 address space must be available The 6Bone uses test addresses Regional registries are giving IPv6 “production” prefixes to ISPs based on a common policy

777 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IPv6 Address Registries As in IPv4, the address space is managed by the regional registries: Asia Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC) American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) Réseaux IP Européens—Network Coordination Center (RIPE-NCC) Registries are based on geographical location.

888 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IPv6 Address Allocation Policy The registries have an allocation policy: It is identical, but prices and management can be different It was reviewed by IETF and by a public consultation process Addresses are only given to ISPs, not to enterprises Address allocation started on July 1999 Policy can change over time

999 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Address Allocation The allocation process is: IANA allocates 2001::/16 to registries Each registry gets a /23 prefix from IANA Registry allocates a /35 prefix to a new IPv6 ISP ISP allocates a /48 prefix to each customer ISP prefix Site prefix LAN prefix /35 /48/64 Registry /23

10 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IPv6 Integration and co-existence

11 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Integration and co-existence Integration and co-existence with IPv4 is a prerequisite to enable the smooth transition to IPv6. The various strategies such as dual-stack, overlay tunnels and translation techniques.

12 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Key to successful adoption/ production deployment Goal—facilitate partial/ incremental upgrades Hosts, servers, DNS, routers Two approaches Hosts Network IPv6 Transition Strategy

13 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Strategies For end systems, there is: Dual stack For network Integration, there is: Tunnels IPv6-only to IPv4-only

14 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Driver IPv4 IPv6 Application Tcp/Udp Hosts—dual stack (IPv6 API defined) Networks—tunneling More Efficient than Building New IPv6 Topology IPv6 Transition Strategy—Approaches Data Transport Layer Header IPv6 Header Data Transport Layer Header IPv6 Header IPv4 Header

15 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Dual Stack TCPUDP Dual stack node means: Both IPv4 and IPv6 stacks enabled Applications can talk to both Choice of the IP version is based on name lookup and application preference IPv4IPv6 "Old" Application Data Link (Ethernet) 0x08000x86dd TCPUDP IPv4IPv6 "New" Application Data Link (Ethernet) 0x08000x86dd Frame protocol ID

16 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Dual Stack (cont.) Without IPv6, an application that: Is not aware of IPv6 Or is forcing the use of IPv4 Asks the DNS for IPv4 address And connects to the IPv4 address DNS server IPv4 IPv6 = A ?

17 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. In an IPv6-only case, an application that: Is only IPv6-enabled or IPv6 is the only stack Or is forcing the use of IPv6 Asks the DNS for IPv6 address Connects to the IPv6 address 3ffe:b00::1 DNS server IPv4 IPv6 = A6 ? 3ffe:b00::1 Dual Stack (cont.)

18 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3ffe:b00:: In a dual stack case, an application that: Is IPv4 and IPv6-enabled Asks the DNS for all types of addresses Chooses one address and, for example, connects to the IPv6 address DNS server IPv4 IPv6 = * ? 3ffe:b00::1 Dual Stack (cont.)

19 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Configured tunnels—manual point-2-point links Automatic tunnels—via IPv4 compatible IPv6 addresses (96 bits of zeros prefix—0:0:0:0:0:0/96) IPv6 Tunneling IPv6 IPv4 Backbone IPv6 IPv4 Driver IPv6 IPv4 Driver

20 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Overlay Tunnels Tunneling is encapsulating the IPv6 packet in the IPv4 packet. IPv4 IPv6 network Tunnel: IPv6 in IPv4 packet IPv6 host Dual-stack router IPv4 headerIPv6 headerIPv6 data IPv6 headerIPv6 data Dual-stack router IPv6 host IPv6 headerIPv6 data

21 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Overlay Tunnels (cont.) Tunneling can be used by routers and hosts. IPv4 IPv6 network Tunnel: IPv6 in IPv4 packet Dual-stack router IPv4 headerIPv6 headerIPv6 data IPv6 host IPv6 headerIPv6 data Dual-stack host

22 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6to4 6to4: Is an automatic tunnel method Gives a prefix to the attached IPv6 network IPv4 IPv6 network 6to4 router Network prefix: 2002:c0a8:6301::/48 = 6to4 router = Network prefix: 2002:c0a8:1e01::/48

23 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 6to4 (cont.) IPv6 Type: native IPv6 Dst: 2002:c0a8:1e01::1 Type: IPv6 in IPv4 Dst: IPv4IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 network 6to4 router 2002:c0a8:1e01:: IPv6

24 NCM _05_2001_c1 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.