1. IPv6 Deployment: Business Cases and Development Options
INET CURACAO :: 8 October 2012

2. IPv6 Business Cases © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012.
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5/27/2018

3. IPv4 Address Exhaustion
4,294,967,296 theoretical maximum IPv4 addresses
7,043,370,199 Current World Population (census.gov)
5,373,000,000 Number of Mobile Devices (ITU – 2010)
3 February 2011 – The global IPv4 free pool exhausted
15 April 2011 – APNIC IPv4 free pool exhausted
14 September 2012 – RIPE IPv4 free pool exhausted
Business Continuity
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4. Customer Experience CGN Challenges
Poor quality of experience for advanced services
Peer-to-peer, video streaming, gaming, etc.
Negative impact to targeted advertising/geo-location
Logging requirements for lawful intercept
Petabytes of data
Customer Experience
a problem now too / address reputation
Troubleshooting – need NAT operator’s help
Expensive in Opex
Expensive in Capex – session state memory, session logging, bandwidth
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5. Enabling the Future New Possibilities
End-to-end global addressing opens new opportunities
Remote access, configuration, management, and monitoring
Machine to machine communication; the “Internet of Things”
In-home Internet development
Enabling the Future
SMA - Security Monitoring & Automation
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6. IPv6 Deployment
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7. Dual-Stack Add native IPv6 support in addition to existing IPv4
Allows devices to communicate over either protocol
IPv6 should be preferred to encourage migration
Global IPv6 can be combined with “Private” IPv4
Provides legacy IPv4 support
Dual-Stack is THE migration strategy of choice
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8. Dual Stack
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9. Dual Stack Device IPv4-Only Dual-Stack IPv6-Only Application IPv4
Ethernet
TCP
Application
IPv4
Ethernet
TCP
IPv6
Application
IPv6
Ethernet
TCP
A dual-stack device includes both an IPv4 and an IPv6 protocol stack.
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10. Dual-Stack Network IPv4-Only Host Dual-Stack Router Dual-Stack Router
Dual-Stack Host
A dual-stack network provides connectivity for both IPv4 and IPv6 devices. IPv4 and IPv6 are not compatible on the wire but they can both function on the same network in a “ships in the night” manner.
IPv6-Only Host
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11. Transport Header (TCP/UDP)
Configured Tunnels
IPv6 packets encapsulated in IPv4 protocol 41
Allows IPv6 nodes to communicate over IPv4-only infrastructure
Can be configured router-to-router, host-to-router/router-to-host, or host-to-host
Challenges:
Best path considerations (latency, jitter, etc.)
Tunnel end-point capacity
MTU
Can be useful for trials
MORE? See RFC 3056 “Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds”
IPv4 (Protocol 41) Header
IPv6 Header
Transport Header (TCP/UDP)
Data
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12. Automatic Tunnels (Dynamic Tunneling)
6to4, Teredo, ISATAP
Typically rely on third party relays and servers
Best path considerations (latency, jitter, etc.)
Server/relay capacity/availability
Security concerns
MTU
Many early implementations broken
Tunnel interface blackhole
Should not be relied upon for production services
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13. 6RD – ‘IPv6 Rapid Deployment’
A modification of 6to4 defined in RFC 5969
Deployed within a single service provider network
Significant drawbacks
Requires new CPE
No clear path to native IPv6
Used temporarily in extreme situations
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14. NAT64/DNS64
Allows an IPv6-only network to communicate with legacy IPv4 networks
Uses NAT and DNS in combination
NAT & DNS devices must share state
IPv6 prefix 64:ff9b::/96
Allows 32-bit IPv4 address mapping
Challenges:
NAT/DNS single points of failure
IPv6-only network?
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15. In Summary Deploy IPv6: Dual-Stack where you can
To Ensure Business Continuity
For an Enhanced Customer Experience
To Enable the Future of New Opportunities
Dual-Stack where you can
Tunnel where you must (only for as long as you must)
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16. Questions?
Chris Grundemann Architect, IP Networks
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17. Backup © Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. 2012. 5/27/2018
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18. IPv4 Address Exhaustion
Statistics as of September 2011.
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19. What is the End-to-End Principle?
“functionalities should be implemented in the communication endpoints, intermediate routers should concentrate on moving packets from left to right”
This principle allows new devices and applications to be deployed without the need to change intermediate routers. This is what allowed the World Wide Web (WWW) to be built on top of the Internet without any infrastructure changes.
MORE:
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20. Network Address Translation (NAT)
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21. PAT and Address Overloading
NAPT
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22. NAT Breaks End to End Communication
UPnP IGD, STUN, TURN, ICE, etc…
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23. [RFC 6598]

24. IPv6 Address Availability
Statistics as of September /3 = 12.5% of total possible IPv6 space (One 8th)
512 /12s in a /3
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25. eFridge & The Smart Kitchen Eco-System
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26. Improvements Larger Addressing Space Simple Header Extension Headers
IP Security
Improved Multicast
No Broadcast
Flow Label
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