1. 1 Muhammed Rudman m.rudman@ixp.net.ng www.ixp.net.ng

2. Introduction to Internet Protocol An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to the Internet. Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is a 32 bit number, which is roughly 4.3 billion addresses. Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is a 128 bit number, which roughly a Billion Trillions times the IPv4 address size. www.ixp.net.ng 2

3. Introduction Cont. www.ixp.net.ng 3 The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) manages the IP address space allocations globally and delegates five regional Internet registries (RIRs) to allocate IP address blocks to local Internet registries (Internet service providers) and other entities. IANA is operated by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, also known as ICANN.

4. IPv4 address Space by the end of 2010 4 Source: Number Resource Organization

5. IPv4 ADDRESS SPACE ISSUED (RIRs TO CUSTOMERS) 5 Source: Number Resource Organization

6. IPv4 Address Exhaustion ▫Globally 0% IPv4 remaining in the central registry ▫On January 31, 2011 the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) allocated two blocks of IPv4 address space to APNIC. ▫ On the 3 rd of February ICANN announced the allocation of the last five block to the five RIR. ▫More than 60 % of AfriNIC IPv4 pool is unallocated. 6

7. Rate of Daily assignment of IPv4 in the various RIRs 7 Based on the beside average rate of daily IPv4 allocation, AfriNIC IPv4 Pool will last for another 5 to 10 years before exhaustion.

8. Why a new IP ? Only compelling reason : more addresses! How to address the future Worldwide population? (>9B in the 2050) ▫ For billions of new users, e.g., in China, India etc. About 2 Billion people are already connected to the internet ▫ For billions of new devices, e.g., PDAs, 3G Mobile Phones, Cars, Appliances etc. ▫ More than 200 Million registered domains 8

9. Introduction to ipv6 IETF IPv6 WG began in early 1990s, to solve addressing growth issues, but ▫CIDR, NAT, PPP, DHCP,… were developed ▫Some address reclamation ▫The RIR system was introduced ▫  Brakes were put on IPv4 address consumption 9

10. IPv6 at a Glance Scalability 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768, 211,456 Security Real time application Auto-configuration Mobility Addressing and routing Extensibility 10

11. Global ipv6 allocations 11 US 1813 DE 460 RU 263 AU 369 GB 366 NG 14

12. Yearly IPv6 Allocation By AfriNIC 12 Yearly By Country

13. AfriNIC IPv6 Allocation: 2009 & 2010 www.ixp.net.ng 13 2010 2009 Nigeria: 2 blocks allocated in 2009 14 blocks allocated in 2010

14. IPv6 Enabled Networks in Nigeria 14 http://v6asns.ripe.net/v/6?s=ZA;s=KE;s=NG;s=MU;s=EG Good News: Moved from the 6th position in 2009 to the 3 rd in 2010 based on the number of allocated IPv6 within AfriNIC region. Bad New: Not yet IPv6 visible in the Internet

15. IPv4-IPv6 Transition/Co-Existence Techniques IPv6 have been designed for easing the transition and coexistence with IPv6 Dual stack : Simultaneous support for both IPv4 and IPv6 stacks Tunnels : IPv6 packet encapsulated in IPv4 ones Translation 15

16. IPv6 challenges in Nigeria ISPs need a business case Lack of technical know how Core equipment compatibility issues Lack of IPv6 upstream service providers Non requests from end users 16

17. Way forward 1.IPv6 awareness and capacity building by organizing seminars and trainings, incorporating IPv6 into university curriculum. 2.Establish a National Internet Registry (NIR) to overlook the IP management issues in the country and to develop a ‘National IPv6 Roadmap’ to strategize the IPv6 transition. 3.Provide some profit incentives to Internet Industry for encouraging them to adopt IPv6 based Infrastructure. These incentives could include reduction in regulatory fee and tax rebates. 4.Upstream Internet connectivity providers should be asked to enable IPv6 readiness in their networks. 5. All new IT equipment supplied to Government should be IPv6 compliant and Government to set target date for MDAs to have IPv6 compliant networks. 17

18. IPv6 Day Website: http://isoc.org/wp/worldipv6day/ http://isoc.org/wp/worldipv6day/ On 8 June, 2011, Google, Facebook, Yahoo!, Akamai and Limelight Networks will be amongst some of the major organisations that will offer their content over IPv6 for a 24-hour "test flight". The goal of the Test Flight Day is to motivate organizations across the industry – Internet service providers, hardware makers, operating system vendors and web companies – to prepare their services for IPv6 to ensure a successful transition as IPv4 addresses run out. Please join us for this test drive and help accelerate the momentum of IPv6 deployment.” - Lynn St. Amour, President, Internet Society (ISOC) 18

19. IPv6 Training Abuja & Lagos

20. www.ixp.net.ng 20 Questions ?