Chapter 3 A New Nation Emerges Lesson 9 – A Clash of Two Empires in Pennsylvania Lesson 10 – Anger Among the Colonists with England’s Rule Lesson 11 – The American Colonies’ Revolutionary War Lesson 12 – A New Nation Emerges

Lesson 10 LEQ’s: Multicultural Haven for Ethnic and Religious Groups 1. What does Keystone mean? 2. Why did the people of Pennsylvania become angry under England's rule? 3. What major events led to the American Revolution? 4. What is the Declaration of Independence and Liberty Bell?

Lesson 10 – Colonies Unhappy with England’s Rule Quaker State vs. Keystone State – Quaker State since founders were Quakers – Keystone – a central wedge-shaped stone in an arch that strengthens the structure and holds all of the other stones in place – Later, term deals with the political importance in forging a new nation.

Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and Bill of Rights were all documents written and approved in Philadelphia.

Cost of French and Indian war was pushed onto the colonies. – New taxes - monies collected to help pay for services provided by the government, were placed on the American colonies – Until the 1760s, the thirteen colonies were separate. New taxes brought them together in protest. Representation – having a say in government – Should get say in what goods were to be taxed

Since Philadelphia was a keystone for all the colonies, it was chosen as the meeting place – Center of cultural, political, medical and economic activities First – – Ben Franklin started the first free library and volunteer fire department – Benjamin Rush began the first hospital and medical school in the colonies

First Continental Congress – Sept 1774 – Congress – means coming together – Leaders of the colonies met and agreed to stop buying England’s goods brought to the colonies. – England eventually stopped the taxes on all goods except for tea – People of Pennsylvania refused to buy (boycott) tea – England felt superior to the colonists and refused to listen to their concerns - ethnocentric

Second Continental Congress – May 1775 – Met at Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall). – John Hancock was president of 2 nd Cont. Congress – Fighting between English troops and Massachusetts colonists began one month prior – Congress elected George Washington Commander of the American Army, although John Hancock wanted position Reasons: in order to get southern support, Washington, from Virginia, was chosen

May 1776 – five people were chosen to write a Declaration of Independence – Thomas Jefferson wrote original draft – Benjamin Franklin, from Pennsylvania, helped greatly with the draft – Radical thinking Congress debated every paragraph and took out one-third of the original draft – Issues such as slavery taken out because of South – William Penn’s government was blueprint

July 4, 1776, Declaration of Independence was approved by 12 of the 13 states, New York chose not to vote. Liberty Bell – cast in England in 1751 to celebrate the 50 th anniversary of William Penn’s Charter of Privileges. – Rung during reading of Dec. of Independence – Hidden during was in Allentown – Crack appeared the first time it was rung, unsuccessfully repaired