A braham Lincoln The 16 president he also ended slavery and promoting economic modernization.

B oston tea party The Boston Tea Party was a direct action by colonists in Boston, a town in the British colony of Massachusetts, against the British government.

C alifornia gold rush The California Gold Rush 1848– 1855 began slowly on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California.

D aughters of temperance The Daughters of Temperance was an early women's organization supporting abstention from the use of alcohol.

E nlightenment The Age of Enlightenment or simply the Enlightenment is the era in Western philosophy intellectual, scientific and cultural life, centered upon the 18th century, in which reason was advocated as the primary source for legitimacy and authority. It is also known as the Age of Reason

F ederalist The Federalist party was the first American political party, from the early 1790s to 1816, the era of the First Party System, with remnants lasting into the 1820s.

G reat awakening The term Great Awakening is used to refer to a period of religious revival in American religious history.

H enry clay Henry Clay, Sr. April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852, was a 19th-century American planter statesman and orator who represented Kentucky in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, where he served as Speaker. He also served as Secretary of State from 1825 to 1829.

I ntolerable acts The Intolerable Acts or the Coercive Acts are names used to describe a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 relating to Britain's colonies in North America.

J udicial branch The Judiciary explains and applies the laws. This branch does this by hearing and eventually making decisions on various legal cases.

K ing George the III George III, King of Great Britain and Ireland, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and grandson of King George III, whom he succeeded in 1760, was born on the 4th of June 1738.

L exington & concord The first shots starting the revolution were fired at Lexington, Massachusetts. On April 18, 1775, British General Thomas Gage sent 700 soldiers to destroy guns and ammunition the colonists had stored in the town of Concord, just outside of Boston.

M anga carta Magna Carta is an English charter, originally issued in the year 1215 and reissued later in the 13th century in modified versions, which included the most direct challenges to the monarch's authority to date.

N ational debt National debt is the public debt, which is owed to the people, businesses and foreign governments who bought Treasury bills, notes and bonds.

O regon trail The Oregon Trail is a 2,000-mile 3,200 km historic east-west wagon route that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon and locations in between

P atriots Patriots also known as American Whigs, Revolutionaries, Congress- Men or Rebels was the name that the colonists of the British Thirteen United Colonies who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution

Q uakers The Religious Society of Friends comprises religious organizations arising out of a Christian movement in mid-17th century England which focused on ordinary individuals' own experience of Christ. The names Quaker or Friends Church are used by some of these organizations.

R ebels A rebel is a participant in a rebellion or more generally, an individual who resists authority or control

S aratoga The Battles of Saratoga, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) conclusively decided the fate of British General John Burgoyne's army in the American Revolutionary War (known outside the US as the American War of Independence) and are generally regarded as a turning point in the war.