Gross Structure of the Brain Won Taek Lee, M.D., Ph.D. Deptartment of Anatomy Yonsei Univ. College of Medicine
Gross Divisions of the Brain Cerebrum (cerebral hemisphere) Diencephalon Cerebellum Brainstem
Embryonic (developmental) divisions of the Brain telencephalon Cerebral cortex Cerebral white matter Basal ganglia metencephalon Cerebellum Pons Primary vesicle Secondary vesicle Derivatives Prosencephalon diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Subthalamus Epithalamus Mesencephalon mesencephalon Midbrain Rhombencephalon myelencephalon Medulla oblongata
Inner Structures of the Brain Basal ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
Cerebrum – Cerebral Hemisphere Telencephalic structure –lateral ventricles Cerebral Cortex - lobes, gyrus & sulcus 2. Cerebral White Matter (medullary center) 3. Basal Ganglia
Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (lateral surface) Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital lobe Limbic lobe
Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (medial surface) Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital lobe Limbic lobe
Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface) Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital lobe Limbic lobe
Gyri of the Frontal Lobe Lateral Surface Precentral Gyrus --- primary motor area Superior Frontal Gyrus Middle Frontal Gyrus Inferior Frontal Gyrus Pars Opercularis Pars Triangularis Pars Orbitalis Medial Surface Medial Frontal Gyrus Paracentral Lobule Basal Surface Rectus Gyrus Orbital Gyrus ] Broca’s area (dominant hemisphere)
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)
Gyri of the Parietal Lobe Lateral Surface Postcentral Gyrus ---- primary somesthetic area Superior Parietal Lobule Inferior Parietal Lobule ---- Wernicke’s area Supramarginal Gyrus Angular Gyrus Medial Surface Paracentral Lobule Precuneus
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)
Gyri of the Occipital Lobe Lateral Surface Lateral Occipital Gyrus Superior Occipital Gyrus Inferior Occipital Gyrus Medial Surface Cuneus Lingual Gyrus Basal Surface Occipitotemporal Gyrus
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)
Gyri of the Temporal Lobe Lateral Surface Superior Temporal Gyrus Middle Temporal Gyrus Inferior Temporal Gyrus Basal Surface Lingual Gyrus Occipitotemporal Gyrus Medial Occipitotemporal Gyrus Lateral Occipitotemporal Gyrus
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)
Gyri of the Limbic Lobe Outer Ring Cingulate Gyrus Isthmus of Cingulate Gyrus Parahippocampal Gyrus Uncus, Uncinate Gyrus Inner Ring Hippocampal Formation Hippocampus, Ammon's Horn Dentate Gyrus Fasciolar Gyrus Indusium Griseum (Supracallosal Gyrus) Paraterminal Gyrus (Subcallosal Gyrus) Subcallosal Area (Parolfactory Area)
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)
Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface)
Structures of the Lateral Surface of the Brain
Structures of the Medial Surface of the Brain
Structures of the Basal Surface of the Brain
Insula of Reil
Structures around the Limbic Lobe
Structures of the Limbic Lobe
Structures of the Limbic Lobe
Structures of Fonix Uncus Hippocampus Fimbria Crus Commissure Corpus Column Mammillary body
Cerebral White Matter Projection fiber Corona radiata Commissural fiber Corpus callosum rostrum, genu, trunk, splenium Anterior commissure Commissure of fornix Association fiber Short association fiber Long association fiber
Projection Fibers
Projection Fibers
Internal Capsule 1. Corticobulbar tract 2. Corticospinal tract 3. Corticothalamic fiber 4. Thalamocortical fiber 5. Auditory radiation 6. Optic radiation 14. Corticorubral fiber
Commissural Fibers Corpus callosum 3. Forceps minor Anterior commissure 4. Forceps major
Association Fibers (lateral surface) 1. Superior longitudinal fasciculus 3. Uncinate fasciculus 2. Inferior occipitotemporal fasciculus 4. Perpendicular occipital fasciculus
Association Fibers (medial surface) 1. Cingulum 4. Superior occipitofrontal fasciculus 2. Uncinate fasciculus 5. Perpendicular occipital fasciculus 3. Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
Fibers of Cerebral White Matter (coronal section) 1. Corpus callosum 2. Internal capsule 3. Superior occipitofrontal fasciculus 4. Superior longitudinal 5. Inferior occipitofrontal 6. Cingulum 7. Uncinate fasciculus 8. Inferior longitudinal
Basal Ganglia (traditional concept) Corpus striatum lenticular nucleus putamen globus pallidus caudate nucleus Amygdaloid body
Basal Ganglia
Basal Ganglia
Rhinencephalon
Ventricular System
Lateral Ventricle and Hippocampus
Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus Subthalamus 3rd ventricle and tela choroidea
Diencephalon
Ventral Surface of Diencephalon
Cerebellum Anterior Lobe Posterior Lobe Flocculonodular Lobe flocculus, nodulus Vermis Paravermal Region Cerebellar Hemisphere
Cerebellum (posterosuperior view)
Cerebellum (posteroinferior view)
Cerebellum (anterior view)
Cerebellum (medial view)
Brain Stem Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata 4th Ventricle Rhomboid Fossa
Brain Stem Anterior surface
Brain Stem Posterior surface
Brain Stem dorsolateral view
Tracts of the brain stem and cerebellum (dissected).
Rhomboid Fossa
Roof of the 4th Ventricle
Embryonic (developmental) divisions of the Brain telencephalon Cerebral cortex Cerebral white matter Basal ganglia metencephalon Cerebellum Pons Primary vesicle Secondary vesicle Derivatives Prosencephalon diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Subthalamus Epithalamus Mesencephalon mesencephalon Midbrain Rhombencephalon myelencephalon Medulla oblongata