1. Gross Structure of the Brain
Won Taek Lee, M.D., Ph.D.
Deptartment of Anatomy
Yonsei Univ. College of Medicine

2. Nervous System  CNS (central nervous system)  PNS Brain Spinal Cord
(peripheral nervous system)
Peripheral Nerve
Ganglion

3. Central Nervous System - Brain

4. Gross Divisions of the Brain
 Cerebrum
(cerebral hemisphere)
 Diencephalon
 Cerebellum
 Brainstem

5. Embryonic (developmental) divisions of the Brain
telencephalon
Cerebral cortex
Cerebral white matter
Basal ganglia
metencephalon
Cerebellum
Pons
Primary vesicle
Secondary vesicle
Derivatives
Prosencephalon
diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
Mesencephalon
mesencephalon
Midbrain
Rhombencephalon
myelencephalon
Medulla oblongata

7. Inner Structures of the Brain
Basal ganglia
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

8. Cerebrum – Cerebral Hemisphere
Telencephalic structure –lateral ventricles
Cerebral Cortex
- lobes, gyrus & sulcus
2. Cerebral White Matter
(medullary center)
3. Basal Ganglia

9. Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (lateral surface)
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital lobe
Limbic lobe

10. Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (medial surface)
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital lobe
Limbic lobe

11. Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex (basal surface) Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital lobe
Limbic lobe

12. Gyri of the Frontal Lobe
Lateral Surface
Precentral Gyrus --- primary motor area
Superior Frontal Gyrus
Middle Frontal Gyrus
Inferior Frontal Gyrus
Pars Opercularis
Pars Triangularis
Pars Orbitalis
Medial Surface
Medial Frontal Gyrus
Paracentral Lobule
Basal Surface
Rectus Gyrus
Orbital Gyrus
] Broca’s area (dominant hemisphere)

13. Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)

14. Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)
Broca’s area
Pars Opercularis
Pars Triangularis
Pars Orbitalis

15. Motor Homunculus

16. Broca’s Area
Pars triangularis and pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus of dominant hemisphere.
Photograph of the brain of Broca’s patient called “Tan” (real name is Leborgne).

17. Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)

18. Gyri of
the Cerebral Cortex
(basal surface)

19. Gyri of the Parietal Lobe
Lateral Surface
Postcentral Gyrus ---- primary somesthetic area
Superior Parietal Lobule
Inferior Parietal Lobule ---- Wernicke’s area
Supramarginal Gyrus
Angular Gyrus
Medial Surface
Paracentral Lobule
Precuneus

20. Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)

21. Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)

22. Sensory Homunculus

23. Gyri of the Occipital Lobe
Lateral Surface
Lateral Occipital Gyrus
Superior Occipital Gyrus
Inferior Occipital Gyrus
Medial Surface
Cuneus
Lingual Gyrus
Basal Surface
Occipitotemporal Gyrus

24. Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)

25. Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)

26. Gyri of
the Cerebral Cortex
(basal surface)

27. Gyri of the Temporal Lobe
Lateral Surface
Superior Temporal Gyrus
Middle Temporal Gyrus
Inferior Temporal Gyrus
Basal Surface
Lingual Gyrus
Occipitotemporal Gyrus
Medial Occipitotemporal Gyrus
Lateral Occipitotemporal Gyrus

28. Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Lateral Surface)

29. Gyri of
the Cerebral Cortex
(basal surface)

30. PET (positron emission tomography) scan

31. Gyri of the Limbic Lobe Outer Ring Cingulate Gyrus
Isthmus of Cingulate Gyrus
Parahippocampal Gyrus
Uncus, Uncinate Gyrus
Inner Ring
Hippocampal Formation
Hippocampus, Ammon's Horn
Dentate Gyrus
Fasciolar Gyrus
Indusium Griseum (Supracallosal Gyrus)
Paraterminal Gyrus (Subcallosal Gyrus)
Subcallosal Area (Parolfactory Area)

32. Gyri of the Cerebral Cortex (Medial Surface)

33. Gyri of
the Cerebral Cortex
(basal surface)

34. Structures of the Lateral Surface of the Brain
1 2 5 4 3
Structures of the Lateral Surface of the Brain

35. Structures of the Medial Surface of the Brain3 2 4 1
Structures of the Medial Surface of the Brain

36. Structures of the Basal Surface of the Brain2 1
Structures of the Basal Surface of the Brain

37. Insula of Reil

38. Structures around the Limbic Lobe1 3 2

39. Structures of the Limbic Lobe1 2 3

40. Structures of the Limbic Lobe2 1 3

41. Structures of Fornix Uncus Hippocampus Fimbria Crus Commissure Corpus
Column
Mammillary body 6 7 5 8 3 2 1 4

42. Cerebral White Matter Projection fiber Corona radiata
Commissural fiber
Corpus callosum
rostrum, genu, trunk, splenium
Anterior commissure
Commissure of fornix
Association fiber
Short association fiber
Long association fiber

43. Fibers of Cerebral White Matter (coronal section)
1. Corpus callosum
2. Internal capsule
3. Superior occipitofrontal
fasciculus
4. Superior longitudinal
5. Inferior occipitofrontal
6. Cingulum
7. Uncinate fasciculus
8. Inferior longitudinal

44. Basal Ganglia (traditional concept)
Corpus striatum
lenticular nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
caudate nucleus
Amygdaloid body

45. Basal Ganglia 3 2 1 3 2 1 4

46. Basal Ganglia 2 1 1 2 3 3

47. Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus Subthalamus
3rd ventricle and
tela choroidea

48. Diencephalon 1 4 5 2 1 2 3 3

49. Ventral Surface of Diencephalon4 1 5 5 2 3 6

50. Cerebellum Anterior Lobe Posterior Lobe Flocculonodular Lobe
flocculus, nodulus
Vermis
Paravermal Region
Cerebellar Hemisphere

51. Cerebellum (posterosuperior view)1 2 3

52. Cerebellum (posteroinferior view)
flocculus

53. Cerebellum (anterior view)1 3 2

54. Cerebellum (medial view)

55. Brain Stem Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata 4th Ventricle
Rhomboid Fossa

56. Brain
Stem
III 1 V VI 2
VII
VIII 3 IX X 4 XI 5
Anterior
surface
XII

57. Brain
Stem 1 2 IV 3 4 6 5 7 9
Posterior
surface 8 10

58. Rhomboid Fossa 4 1 5 6 2 7 3 8

59. Roof of the 4th Ventricle1 2

60. Embryonic (developmental) divisions of the Brain
telencephalon
Cerebral cortex
Cerebral white matter
Basal ganglia
metencephalon
Cerebellum
Pons
Primary vesicle
Secondary vesicle
Derivatives
Prosencephalon
diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
Mesencephalon
mesencephalon
Midbrain
Rhombencephalon
myelencephalon
Medulla oblongata