Contexts and Conditions of 20 th Century British Novel.

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Contexts and Conditions of 20 th Century British Novel

The Twentieth Century  : World War I  1922: T. S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land” James Joyce’s Ulysses  1930: Period of Depression and Unemployment begins  : World War II -> The Age of Unrest & Upheavals

Social Background of 20C  Skepticism  The disintegration of British Empire  The appearance of Fascism and Marxism  The breakdown of common value & liberalism/optimism

Cultural Background  Popular Literature (mass production of popular literature for low-brow readership)  Modernism (intellectualization of literature for high-brow readership)  -> influenced by Freud  -> fragmentation of individuality  -> formal experimentation & innovation

Fiction  The breakdown of the general background of belief (no public agreement)  A new view of time (no chronological order)  A new view of consciousness (multiple consciousness; we are memories)  -> “stream-of-consciousness” technique  -> stress on loneliness of individual