1. The reader is conditioned to the filter of narrator
THE VICTORIAN AGE
Characteristics:
Industrialization
The British Empire
It is named from Queen Victoria ( )
LITERATURE
Features of the first part of the Victorian Age:
Optimism
Moralism
Faith in progress
Browning
Tennyson
Poetry
The major literary genre was the NOVEL
Omniscient intrusive third person narrator (Comments of the author)
Realistic novel
Happy end
To give a moral judgment
Linear chronological concept of time
Logical connections in a linear way
The reader is conditioned to the filter of narrator

2. THE SECOND PART OF THE VICTORIAN AGE
RELIGIOUS CRISIS
AESTHETIC MOVEMENT (1880s)
Oscar Wilde
Charles Darwin
The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859)
Friedrich Nietzsche
The Picture of Dorian Gray
People have to find them by themselves, they does not refer to God
Art should not have any moral, social or political purpose
God does not create Men
“God is dead”

3. THE FIRST PART OF THE 20th CENTURY
First World War
New theories
Henri Bergson
William James
Albert Einstein
Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung
Space and time do not exist as separate phenomena
People’s behaviour depends very largely on the unconscious part of their minds
A basic element of man’s unconscious mind is formed by his racial memory
Past and future (as memory and expectation) exist together with the present in people’s mind
General Theory of Relativity (1905)
The Interpretations of Dreams (1899)
The Psychology of the Unconscious (1916)

4. The reader is more free to make is own point of view.
MODERNISM
Rejected the old Victorian standards
The quest of truth.
Innovation in LITERATURE
Minimum plot
Poetical language
How say things (form)
The eclipse of the narrator
The shift of the point of view
The stream of consciousness technique
Focus on the psychology
Simultaneous concept of time
The reader is more free to make is own point of view.

5. Developed a new way of expressing reality:
VIRGINIA WOOLF ( )
Developed a new way of expressing reality:
Interior monologue
Omniscient third person narrator (kept to the minimum)
The shift of the point of view (connectors)
Minimum plot
Chronological time and Simultaneous time
Poetical language
Settings:
One single day in London
Plot:
Clarissa Dalloway goes out to buy flowers for the party she is going to give in the evening
Omniscient third person narrator
Mrs Dalloway (1925)

6. The most important Modernist writer
JAMES JOYCE ( )
The most important Modernist writer
Characteristics:
Ulysses (1922)
Formal aspect is very important
Eclipse of the narrator
Stream of consciousness
No logical connectors (association)
No punctuation
Simultaneous time
Demands a lot to the reader
Settings:
Dublin, 16 June 1904 (a single day)
Characters: Leopold, Molly Bloom, Stephen
Structure:
18 chapters have titles derived from the episodes in the Odyssey by Homer
Leopold = Ulysses
Molly = Penelope