Chapter One – The First Americans

First Migrations First people arrive 33, ,000 B.C. Americas populated by 9500 B.C.

Chapter Two Rise of the Atlantic World 1492 – Beginning of Columbian Exchange Colonization follows Disease epidemics – 95% mortality rate, mostly within first 30 years

European Settlement Pre-1700

First English Colony Several failed attempts Roanoke Colony

Jamestown 1607 Virginia Company of London Harsh conditions and laziness almost destroy colony John Smith arrives, imposes martial law, better relations with Powhatan Indians

Plymouth Colony 1620 – Mayflower arrives with Separatists (aka-Pilgrims) Signing of Mayflower Compact by all adult males William Bradford-governor Miles Standish – military leader Aided by Squanto

Chapter 3-The New England Way 1630 – Massachusetts Bay Colony Q: What were the Puritan beliefs? Calvinism Predestination Public displays Purify Anglican Church

Social Foundations - Pilgrims

Political Foundations

What was the purpose of Mass. Bay Colony? “City Upon a Hill” “A Model of Christian Charity” Utopian example Shame church into reform Orthodoxy John Winthrop “For we must consider that we shall be a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us….”

Why was Mass. Bay initially so successful? Settled in vacated Indian land Little resistance from Indians (epidemics) Calvinist values = hard work, modest living

Describe Puritan Education. Promote literacy – read the Bible Every town had teachers Harvard – 1636 – trained ministers New England - first region with educated elite

To what extent was there separation of Church and State for the Puritans? Church attendance & fees mandatory State supported church Town Hall both church and gov’t building Church free of state control – no theocracy.

What did Roger Williams believe? Supported complete separation of church and state Why??? What happened to Roger Williams? Banished in 1635 Settled Providence (later Rhode Island)

What did Anne Hutchinson do? Accused Massachusetts ministers of straying from Calvinism (endorsing good deeds) Who supported Hutchinson? Merchants (anti-regulation) Younger generation (less rigid control) Women (2 nd class citizens) Supporters called Antinomians

What happened to Hutchinson? Banished, settled in Rhode Island What was the significance of Williams and Hutchison? First major threats to established authority Led to creation of RI – tolerant Puritan colony Restrictions on women

Puritan Politics Who participated in politics? Male saints – those saved No property requirements 55% male suffrage (30% in England) Was New England democratic?

Family Structure “Little Commonwealth” Male head of household Women as homemakers Children as labor force Most families worked toward subsistence, not profit

Puritan Women What rights did Puritan women have? Annulment of unhealthy marriages Legal protection against violence and neglect What legal disadvantages did women have? Few property rights

The Half-way Covenant What caused the membership crisis? Younger generation disliked public displays of faith, thus not considered saints What did the covenant do? Why is it important?

Relations with Native Americans Why so little initial resistance? Indians weakened by diseases Compare and Contrast the Pequot War (1637) with King Philip’s War ( )

Relations with Native Americans Pequot War (1637)King Philip’s War ( )

Social and Economic Changes in NE What jobs became popular? Why? Fishing, fur, lumber, ship building, etc. Effect of land acquisition? Why? Communities spread out, less tightly knit How did market economy change NE? Profit motive greater than Christian motive

The Salem Witch Trials What were the causes? What were the effects? What is the significance?

Wrap-Up What led to the demise of the “City on a Hill” (the “Puritan Experiment”? For Next Class: Outline Chap 3 (2 nd half) I encourage you to use the table to organize the main points as (or after) you outline Chapter 3.