Introducing carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) to the University of Southampton Lindsay-Marie Armstrong Research Fellow Rm 1051, Building 25 Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ

Why is CCS needed? What is global warming?  Increase in average global temperatures which can lead to a change in the climate.  Key indicators that the world is warming up include: The what’s and why’s.. What is CCS? CCS involves the extraction and storage of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from industrial processes somewhere other than the atmosphere. Increased global dependence on energy requires technologies to be developed that not only reduce CO 2 emissions but maintain current levels of energy production. CO 2 extraction is considered the future mitigating method to prevent global warming but needs to be thoroughly researched before it can be fully accepted as a long term solution. (Source: NOAA)NOAA (Source: NOAA)NOAA Natural events and human activities are all contributors, but increased CO 2 levels is considered the primary factor. Levels have peaked considerably since the industrial revolution.

CCS Technologies CO 2 CAPTURE: 1. Post-combustion CO 2 SEQUESTRATION: CO 2 is removed from the atmosphere by three ways: Biosphere sinks – natural CO 2 reservoirs such as oceans, forests and soils. Geosphere sinks - occur naturally but require anthropogenic operations to utilise them, e.g., depleted oil reservoirs. Material sinks - anthropogenically created carbon materials such as chemicals and plastics. 2. Pre-combustion 3. Oxy-fuel CO 2 Amine Clean gas CO 2 stored Heat CO 2 Flue gas Pressure difference Coal H2H2 CO Stored CO 2 H2H2 POWER STATION Amine Absorption Membrane Absorption Adsorption Coal Air Gasification H 2 O (Water shift) Gas separation N2N2 O2O2 Combustion H2OH2O Stored CO 2

What next? RESEARCH  Carry out research in the technologies with the greatest impact: Post-combustion has the greatest applicability across industrial to their existing Pre-combustion research should continue to improve to develop advanced future applications  Currently have a PhD student and myself working on amine absorption technologies  Currently have 4 papers on pre-combustion technologies and two papers in post-combustion technologies  Recently received an EPSRC grant of £728,000 to carry out a four year project in the computational modelling of computational modelling amine absorption processes and also to develop a lab-scale carbon capture lab for validation purposes.  Involves a collaboration with Cranfield University and E.ON. EDUCATION  Looking to set up modules to form an MSc in CCS Technologies  Work with existing modules to consider CCS from an environmental point of view: SESM6021: Introduction to Energy Technologies CENV6087: Environmental Impact Assessment ENVS6006: Environmental Pollution  For engineering development in carbon capture, the modules would fit well with: SESG6018: Design Search and Optimisation 1: Principles, methods and parameterizations SESG6019: Design Search and Optimisation 2: Case studies Group design project (GDP) SESS6007: Computational Fluid Dynamics