THEY ARE EVERYWHERE!!! Name:_____________________________Class:________Date:________ #_____A HO

 _______________ :  outer covering that protects the cell  Cell Membrane  Controls what goes in and out of the cell (also called ______________ membrane)

 Cytoplasm  ________-like material inside the cell membrane  Ribosomes  Chemical factories where ___________are produced  ____________  Genetic material  Contains instructions for all of the cell’s functions

 Flagellum  Plural Flagella  Long, whip-like structure to help cell ______________  May have many, 1, or none  Most _________have any & are carried from place to place by:  ______________  Water currents  Other objects

 _________(Coccus)  Spherical

 Bacilli (Bacillus)  _______-shaped

 Spirilla (Spirochetes)  ___________Shaped

 PROKARYOTES - do not have an organized __________________  Most known prokaryotes are _______________________  Archaea (________known)  Can move  Get energy  Can reproduce (usually asexually)  Very small and simple  _________________- have an organized nucleus  US!!!!!!

 When bacteria have: 1. Plenty of ________________ 2. Correct temperature 3. Suitable conditions they thrive and ______________frequently. Some can reproduce as often as every 20 minutes!!!!!!

 Asexual  Involves only ___________ parent and produces offspring identical to the parent  Most bacteria reproduce this way- it is called _______________FISSION 1. Cell enlarges 2. Cell duplicates _____________ 3. Cell and DNA copy start to separate 4. Cell divides into 2 separate cells (________________)

 Sexual  _________parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents  ______________________occurs  Have to be really special conditions  Called:  CONJUGATION EdX4MaMFE week7/bacterial_conjugation.mov

 Endospore Formation  Sometimes conditions are harsh for bacteria to survive  Form Endospores for survival  ____________________- small, rounded, thick-walled, restless cell that forms inside a bacterial cell  Contains cells genetic material & ___________________

 Bacteria must have:  A source of food  A way of breaking down the food to release its energy  Bacteria are classified on how they get their _____________________

 Autotroph (__________________)  Make their own food: 1. Capture and use ____________energy (like plants do) 2. Use energy from _______________substances in their environment to make food Examples: bacteria in pond cause the green cloudy scum in water, bacteria in hot springs use chemical energy to make food  Heterotroph (_________________)  Consume other organisms or the food other organisms make  Example: bacteria in yogurt breaks down the sugars in milk for food  ______________________  Break down and feed off of dead organisms  Saprophytes  Break down dead leaves in the fall

 Don’t all have a cell ____________  3 types  _________________lovers  Found in really hot environments  Ocean vents, hot springs, geysers  _________________lovers  Found in areas with high salt content  Oceans, The Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake  _________________lovers  Found in swamps or animal intestines  Really stinky!!