1. 1. Bacterial cells were first discovered in the late 1600's by Anton van Leewenhoek. How did he discover them? He took scrapings from his teeth!!

2. 2. Bacterial cells are considered to be __________________ because they lack a nucleus. Prokaryotes

3. 3. Where is the genetic material located in a bacterial cell? _______________________ In the cytoplasm of the cell.

4. 4. What are the three basic shapes of a bacterial cell? a) Spherical b) Rod-Like c) Spiral

5. 5. Describe the basic structures of the bacterial cell. a) cell wall: _______________________________ _______________________________________ a) cell membrane:__________________________ b) cytoplasm ______________________________ c) ribosomes ______________________________ d) genetic material __________________________ e) flagellum ________________________________ Controls what material passes in and out of the cell. Helps protect the cell. Gel like region inside the cell membrane. Chemical factories where proteins are produced. Contains the instructions for all cell functions. Whip like structure that helps the bacteria move. Determines the chemical make up of the bacterial cell

6. Label the diagram a (cell wall) c (cytoplasm) b (cell membrane) e (genetic material) d (ribosomes) f (flagellum)

7. 6. List three characteristics of Archaebacteria? a) They are ancient. They are believed to have existed on earth for billions of years. b) Today's archaebacteria resemble Earth's first life forms. c) They live in extreme environments:  hots springs of over 110 degrees.  salty water like Utah's Great Salt Lake  Foul smelling places like the bottom of swamps and in sewage.

8. 7. List three characteristics of Eubacteria? a) They live everywhere except extreme environments. For example they coat your skin and swarm your nose. b) Many are useful and/or harmless c) They help other organisms survive by maintaining Earth's physical conditions.  Early autorophs helped add oxygen to the atmosphere  Today autotrophs help maintain Earth's oxygen level at 20%.

9. 8. Why are Eubacteria and Archaebacteria placed in separate kingdoms? ___________________________________ Because although they look alike, they are very different chemically.

11. 9. asexual reproduction _________________________________ _________________________________ 10. binary fission _________________________________ _________________________________ Reproductive process that involves only one parent. Define the following terms Produces offspring that are identical to the parents. Reproductive method of bacteria where one cell divides to form two identical cells. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction

12. 11. sexual reproduction _________________________________ _________________________________ 10. conjugation _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Reproductive process that involves two parents. Define the following terms Produces offspring that are genetically different from the parents. Reproductive method of bacteria where one cell transfers genetic material to another by forming a thread like bridge between the cells. Conjugation is a form of simple sexual reproduction in bacteria.

13. Bacterial Reproduction Conjugation Binary Fission

14. 13. Bacterial reproduction can result in two different types of offspring: _______________ produces offspring genetically identical to the parents. _______________ produces offspring genetically different from the parents. Binary Fission Conjugation

15. 14. Bacterial cells can obtain food from a variety of sources: a)__________ bacteria that make their own food. b)___________ bacteria that obtain food by consuming other autotrophs or heterotrophs. autotroph heterotroph

16. 15. The process of breaking down food to obtain energy is called_________________ Respiration.

17. 16. Endospore ______________________ ___________________________________ Small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell. Contains the cell's genetic material and some of it's cytoplasm

18. 17. Why do bacterial cells form endospores? ________________________________________________________________________ Endospores form when conditions become unfavorable for the bacteria. Endospores can resist freezing, heating and drying allowing a new bacterial cell to form when conditions become favorable again

19. 18. List five positive roles of bacteria in today's society: a) Fuel production b) Food Production c) Environmental recycling d) Environmental clean-up e) Production of medicines.