TOPIC: Immunity AIM: How does the immune system protect the body against disease?

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Presentation transcript:

TOPIC: Immunity AIM: How does the immune system protect the body against disease?

Immune system Protects the body against disease

What is a pathogen? Materials that cause disease (germs) Microorganisms Bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi…

Antigen Proteins found on the “bad guy or substances” that are foreign to your body. Bad guys = pathogens, microorganisms, allergens etc.

The Body’s Lines of Defense

1 st line Physical barriers  keep pathogens out of the body

skin, mucus, cilia, sweat, tears, saliva, digestive enzymes

2nd line 1. Inflammatory response: WBC’s destroy pathogens

Antibodies (3 rd line) Proteins that help destroy pathogens Made bc of an immune response

Attach to antigen & slow it down so WBC’s can destroy them

How are antibodies made? 2 types of WBC’s T cells tell B cells to make antibodies

2 types of disease 1. Infectious = pathogens spread to another person Ex: cold, flu, AIDS

2. Noninfectious = cannot be spread (not caused by pathogen) Ex: Diabetes, cancer

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Infectious disease

Caused by HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)

Damages immune system by destroying T cells (body can’t fight off pathogens)

How is HIV transmitted? 1. Contact with infected blood 2. Sharing intravenous needles 3. Sexual contact 4. Mother  fetus

Allergies An immune response or reaction to substances you are allergic (sensitive) to

Allergen = what you are allergic to (pollen, dust, etc)

Histamines produced (chemicals released by cells that cause symptoms)

Review: 1.What is a pathogen? 2.Explain what makes up your body’s first line of defense. 3.How are antibodies produced? 4.How are infectious diseases different from noninfectious diseases? 5.How does HIV affect the body? 6.What is an allergy?