Globalisation and Health Promotion Puja Myles

Learning Outcomes To outline the key characteristics of globalisation To recognise the values underpinning economic globalisation To conceptualise the links between globalisation and health To reflect on the role of health promotion in the context of globalisation

Session Outline Definition and key features of globalisation Globalisation and health: a conceptual framework Economic globalisation Politics of globalisation Group discussion: Role of Health Promotion within the context of globalisation

Defining Globalisation “ A set of processes leading to the creation of a world as a single entity, relatively undivided by national borders or other types of boundaries (for example, cultural, economic)” -Bettcher & Lee (2002)

Unpicking Globalisation Common perceptions: –Increased commonality –Increased inter-connectedness Globalisation per se is not a new concept; we started with a world without national borders and progressed to a world of nation-states In the current context the term ‘globalisation’ mostly refers to economic globalisation

Globalisation and Health: a conceptual framework

Economic Globalisation Underpinned by a neoliberal philosophy: increased free trade with minimal state intervention will result in development and improved conditions for all (Adam Smith’s “invisible hand”) Economic globalisation is a process by which barriers to free trade are removed

WTO and trade liberalisation The World Trade Organisation was set up in 1995 and is the principal international institution for the management of international trade The WTO has proposed ‘trade liberalisation’ policies which aim to reduce barriers to free trade

Politics of Globalisation Economic globalisation is not an apolitical process Who makes the rules? Are there legitimate barriers to free trade? –Social protection (including public health) and social welfare WTO policies that are controversial: –GATT, Structural adjustment policies, TRIPS

Impact of Structural adjustment policies Reduced public spending and reduced state regulations On the supply side: fail to protect key health and education spending On the demand side: adversely affect household access to health services Stiglitz: There are bound to be some losers in globalisation; to make globalisation work, winners should compensate losers

Opportunities provided by globalisation Communication advances: Sharing technology and information Global networks to work for health promotion Development of International law: treaties and framework conventions

Reflections on the role of health promotion in the context of globalisation: Do you think globalisation is relevant to health promotion? What is the role of health promotion in the globalisation process?