Revolutions in Haiti and Mexico

Haiti French ½ of the island of Hispaniola French ½ of the island of Hispaniola Lots of slaves to grow sugar. Lots of slaves to grow sugar. When French Revolution started, Slaves in Haiti rebelled (1791). When French Revolution started, Slaves in Haiti rebelled (1791). Napoleon Sends troops in 1802 to put down the revolution (slave uprising). Napoleon Sends troops in 1802 to put down the revolution (slave uprising).

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Leader of the Revolution in Haiti Toussaint L’Ouverture Toussaint L’Ouverture Educated slave Educated slave Great leader Great leader

L’Ouveture is eventually captured and taken to France where he dies in prison. L’Ouveture is eventually captured and taken to France where he dies in prison. But French soldiers can’t stop the revolution. But French soldiers can’t stop the revolution. Why? Why? A. Not used to fighting in the jungle. A. Not used to fighting in the jungle. B. Yellow Fever kills over 40,000 B. Yellow Fever kills over 40,000

French gave up in 1804 French gave up in 1804 Revolution in Haiti is the only large-scale slave rebellion that succeeds in the New World. Revolution in Haiti is the only large-scale slave rebellion that succeeds in the New World. Slavery is ended. Slavery is ended. Most social change. Most social change.

Revolution in Mexico Revolution began in Revolution began in Father Miguel Hidalgo rings bells to call people to prayer on Sept. 16. Father Miguel Hidalgo rings bells to call people to prayer on Sept. 16. Then gives a speech calling for independence from Spain. Then gives a speech calling for independence from Spain. Speech is known as, “el Grito de Dolores.” (The cry of Dolores). Speech is known as, “el Grito de Dolores.” (The cry of Dolores).

Father Hidalgo was caught and executed by the Spanish. Father Hidalgo was caught and executed by the Spanish. Another priest, Father Jose Morelos took over leadership of the revolution. Another priest, Father Jose Morelos took over leadership of the revolution. Morelos called not only for independence, but also for equal rights for all classes and an end to slavery. Morelos called not only for independence, but also for equal rights for all classes and an end to slavery. Many Mexican Creoles did not like this and helped the Spanish to capture Morelos and kill him in Many Mexican Creoles did not like this and helped the Spanish to capture Morelos and kill him in 1815.

Finally, a conservative Creole—Agustin Iturbide—finished the fight against Spain. Finally, a conservative Creole—Agustin Iturbide—finished the fight against Spain. Iturbide made himself dictator & did not give people rights; especially non-creoles. Iturbide made himself dictator & did not give people rights; especially non-creoles. Iturbide was overthrown in Iturbide was overthrown in For the next 100 years Mexico was dominated by military leaders (caudillos). For the next 100 years Mexico was dominated by military leaders (caudillos).

Latin America After the Revolutions The Revolutions in Latin America mainly benefited the Creoles. The Revolutions in Latin America mainly benefited the Creoles. The Creoles replaced the Peninsulares at the top of society while the other classes saw little change in their lives. The Creoles replaced the Peninsulares at the top of society while the other classes saw little change in their lives. NO SOCIAL MOBILITY. NO SOCIAL MOBILITY. Most countries are oligarchies/dictatorships—they are ruled by military strongmen (Caudillos). Most countries are oligarchies/dictatorships—they are ruled by military strongmen (Caudillos). Slavery continued. Lower classes are poor and landless. Slavery continued. Lower classes are poor and landless. Most people are not given rights: to vote, freedom of speech, etc. Most people are not given rights: to vote, freedom of speech, etc.

Economic Impact Mercantilism ends. Mercantilism ends. England and the U.S. become the chief trading partners. England and the U.S. become the chief trading partners. Most countries remain primarily agricultural. Most countries remain primarily agricultural. They export crops and import manufactured goods. They export crops and import manufactured goods. Most land (farms) is owned by a small amount of creoles. Much like feudalism. Most land (farms) is owned by a small amount of creoles. Much like feudalism. Most of the wealth is in the hands of a few. Most people are poor peasants. Most of the wealth is in the hands of a few. Most people are poor peasants. Not much of a “middle class.” Not much of a “middle class.”

Writing Assignment How “revolutionary” were the 17 th and 18 th century revolutions in Latin America? How “revolutionary” were the 17 th and 18 th century revolutions in Latin America? In your answer, be sure to asses the revolution in terms of its impact socially, politically, and economically. In your answer, be sure to asses the revolution in terms of its impact socially, politically, and economically. A. Outline A. Outline B. Intro Paragraph B. Intro Paragraph