Science 9 Unit B Section 1.0 – Matter can be described and organized by its physical and chemical properties

Goals for This Section: 1.Identify the symbols used in the WHMIS system 2.Identify the difference between physical and chemical properties of matter 3.Distinguish between pure substances and mixtures 4.Identify changes in matter as either chemical or physical changes

1.1 - Safety Identify these WHMIS Symbols:

The HHPS (Household Hazardous Product Symbols) are used on substances sold in most stores Hazard Type Hazard Level

1.2 – Organizing Matter Matter exists in three states The state of a substance depends on its temperature

The Physical Properties of Matter Physical properties can be used to describe matter Some properties are qualitative (descriptive), while others are quantitative (can be measured) The following table includes different physical properties of matter:

Melting Point Boiling Point Hardness Malleability Ductility Crystal Shape Solubility Density Conductivity

Chemical Properties Chemical properties describe how a particular substance reacts with other substances Examples of chemical properties include:

Pure Substances Pure substances are made of only one kind of matter Pure substances can be elements or compounds Element: Compound:

Mixtures Mixtures contain more than one type of matter Mechanical Mixtures: Solutions: Suspensions: Colloids:

1.3 – Observing Changes in Matter Changes in matter can be physical changes or chemical changes Physical changes is one where a substance changes from one state to another Physical changes are reversible

Chemical Changes Chemical changes occur when two or more substances react and form a new substance The new substances have different properties than the original substances

Evidence of Chemical Change There are four major phenomena that indicate that a chemical change has occurred: Evidence of ChangeExample Colour change Odour change Formation of solid or gas Release or absorption of heat energy

Controlling Changes in Matter Changes in matter can be used to produce many products that we use everyday For instance, the chemical change known as fermentation can produce many substances, including beer, cheese, nail-polish remover, and fuel