Grab both papers from the table HOMEWORK:(Due: Thursday) BE PREPARED… Grab both papers from the table HOMEWORK:(Due: Thursday) Finish Underground Railroad cartoon Complete Chapter 15-2 Notes (on my website)

What are you going to learn today? TODAY YOU WILL … REVIEW Harriet Tubman & The Underground Railroad 2. Create a story utilizing old and new information Review & Discuss the MAIN IDEAS of ch.15 section 1. 2. Create a CARTOON that illustrates key ideas & information about the Underground Railroad

Harriet Tubman - A worker on the Underground Railroad, made 19 trips to the South The Underground Railroad was formed in the early 19th century, and reached its height between 1850 and 1860. One estimate suggests that by 1850, 100,000 slaves had escaped via the "Railroad". British North America, where slavery was prohibited, was a popular destination

Johnson House - Germantown In Our Own Backyard… The Underground Railroad had stations in Horsham, Upper Moreland, Montgomery and Abington in Montgomery County and Solesbury, Quakertown, Doylestown, Yardley, Newtown and Buckingham in Bucks Montgomery County was one of the strongest links in the Underground Railroad because of active anti-slavery groups like the Quakers.  Johnson House - Germantown

Slaves seeking refuge along the route needed to know whether a house was safe.  One of the most common signals of safety was the statue of a black jockey with a red cap.  Conductors on the Underground Railroad would place U.S. flags or lighted lanterns in the statue's hands to signify that it was safe to enter.  The absence of a flag or lantern meant slaves should wait or move on to the next depot. Green ribbons were also tied to the arms of the statue to indicate safety; red ribbons meant to keep going. Old York Road, which ran from Philadelphia to New York, was one of the major tracks along the route to freedom in Canada.  By day, it appeared to be a muddy horse-and-buggy trail that weaved its way north through eastern Montgomery County and was used by farmers to transport their goods to Philadelphia.  By night, slaves cautiously making their way to freedom traveled the road as they followed the North Star.  They sought refuge along the way in the homes of abolitionists and free blacks who had vowed to aid them in their quests.

Stations hid slaves in various spots

NORTH STAR Quilt WAGON WHEEL Quilt CROSSROADS Quilt Each pattern represented a different meaning. Some of the most common were “North Star”, which slaves followed to the North, “Wagon Wheel”, which meant it was time to pack their provisions for the journey, and “Crossroads”, which indicated there was a major city ahead. Quilts slung over a fence or windowsill, seemingly to air, passed on the necessary information to knowing slaves. Quilts hung out to air was a common sight on a plantation, neither the plantation owner nor the overseer would notice anything suspicious. It was all part of a day’s work for the slaves. NORTH STAR Quilt WAGON WHEEL Quilt CROSSROADS Quilt

Spirituals Wade in the Water Contains instructions to fugitive slaves on how to avoid capture and the route to take to successfully make their way to freedom. This particular song allegedly recommends leaving dry land and taking to the water as a strategy to throw pursuing bloodhounds off one's trail Swing Low Sweet Chariot Many people believe this referred to the Underground Railroad, the resistance movement that helped slaves escape from the South to the North and Canada The Drinking Gourd Folklore has it that fugitive slaves in the United States used it as a point of reference so they would not get lost. According to legend, the song was used by a conductor of the Underground Railroad called Peg Leg Joe to guide some fugitive slaves In following the Drinking Gourd, the lyrics suggested slaves follow the "drinking gourd," a nickname for the Big Dipper, which pointed to the North Star and the way to freedom

With more slaves escaping via the Underground Railroad, a stricter law was needed to help capture runaway slaves

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 The law made any official who didn’t arrest an alleged runaway liable to a $1,000 fine A captured runaway could not testify in court or have a trial by jury Slave catchers roamed northern cities (sometimes taking free African-Americans)

Signs like this were posted in northern cities, offering rewards for fugitive slaves

Under the law, any person who provided runaways with food or shelter was subject to 6 months imprisonment and a $1,000 fine

Officers who helped capture runways were entitled to a bonus This led to many free blacks being conscripted into slavery since they had NO rights in court

Reaction to the Law South’s reaction – pleased; considered slaves to be property (stolen car) North’s reaction – angry; couldn’t ignore slavery anymore

They had come to believe slavery must end Raised money for the antislavery cause by selling their needlework They had come to believe slavery must end

“all men are created equal”…NOT TRUE 1.) Sin for a human to own a human 2.) All people are Equal 50,000 1 Million Believed Africans Americans would never have equal rights in America Most African Americans were born in the U.S.

to end it everywhere immediately Reformers that wanted to end slavery completely to end it everywhere immediately

Maria Stewart free petition lawsuits newspapers free themselves petition

The Liberator White Abolitionists Daughters of slave owner Born into slavery. Learned to Read. White Abolitionists Daughters of slave owner To become abolitionists The Sorrows & the meaning of freedom The Liberator Anti-Slavery Society Objected to women speaking in public The North Star

A network of abolitionists who helped enslaved people escape North or Canada Guided runaways to stations which were homes of abolitionists Led more than 300 enslaved people to freedom (Named after the Biblical leader) $40,000

Attacked by Mobs Preaching violence Dependent on cotton from the South Feared African Americans would take their jobs Attacked by Mobs Preaching violence destroy way of life

Opinion! Caught, punished, or killed Escaping to the North a.) Becoming free, escaping abuse b.)Being caught, dangerous trip, leaving family Runaway independently Caught, punished, or killed Opinion!