1. The Underground Railroad

3. The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was actually an above-ground series of escape routes for slaves traveling from the South to the North trying to gain their freedom.
Slaves traveled by foot, wagons, boats, and trains.
Slave runaways would usually travel by the light of night and hide during the day in places known as stations. These were safe houses owned by abolitionists.

4. Abolitionist Abolition-The movement to end slavery
Slaves would hide in various places.
Abolitionist – a person who believed and worked for the abolishment of slavery.

6. Henry Box Brown

7. Henry Box Brown
Henry Brown convinced Samuel A. Smith to pack him in a box and ship him to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Henry Box Brown’s trip to Philadelphia was grueling, in tight quarters.
Brown was set free in Philadelphia and eventually made his way to Boston, where he helped fellow escapees on the Underground Railroad.

8. Would you take the risk???
If the slaves were caught, they were sold or beaten with a whip; sometimes they were lynched.

9. Conductors
Conductors were the people who led the runaways to freedom.

10. Harriett Tubman

11. Harriet Tubman was born a slave in Maryland.
When she learned that her owner was going to sell her, she decided to escape.
Tubman made 19 journeys from the South to the North as a Conductor on the Underground Railroad.

13. Harriet Tubman
Southern Plantation owners offered $40,000 for the capture of Harriet Tubman.
Plantation Owners also offered rewards for the return of runaway slaves.

14. Sojourner Truth
Sojourner Truth was born a slave in New York, and she fled to live with Quakers.
Truth spoke for abolition and women’s rights.

15. William Lloyd Garrison
Abolitionist
Published an antislavery newspaper The Liberator

16. Jermain Loguen Abolitionist and Religious Leader
Station master of Underground Railroad
Estimated 1500 Fugitive slaves passed through his home

17. Mary Ann Shadd Educated black children in free and slave states
Fled to Canada
Spoke out against Slavery
Educated fugitive slave children in Canada

18. Lucretia Mott
Lucretia and her husband boycotted all goods produced by slave labor.
Abolitionist
Women’s Rights
Spoke at Quaker meetings against slavery
Attended World Antislavery Convention in London in 1840

19. Fredrick Douglass
Abolitionist Speaker
Published an autobiography

20. William Still Member of the Pennsylvania Antislavery Society
Established a number of safe houses

21. Susan B. Anthony Fought for women’s suffrage in the 20th Century
She worked for temperance and anti-slavery movements

22. John Whittier
American Abolitionist Poet
“Quaker Poet” of freedom

23. Jonathan Walker
Jonathan Walker became a national hero in 1844 when he was tried and sentenced as a slave stealer following an attempt to assist seven runaway slaves find freedom.  He was branded on the right hand with the letters SS signifying "Slave Stealer".

24. Josiah Henson
Josiah Henson was one of the first slaves to write his memoirs after escaping to freedom.
Harriet Beecher Stowe acknowledged that Henson's writings were the inspiration for her 1852 novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin

25. Routes to Freedom

26. THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

27. THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

28. Quilts
During the time of the Underground Railroad fugitive slaves would use quilts as a means of communication.
Quilts were used by conductors to help fugitive slaves flee the South and arrive safely in the North.

29. Quilt Usage in the Underground Railroad
This Quilt represented the NORTH STAR

30. This quilt was the symbol for the wagon wheel
Quilts
This quilt was the symbol for the wagon wheel

31. This Quilt symbolized a log cabin

32. This quilt symbolized a crossroads

33. Spirituals

34. Follow the Drinking Gourd
Chorus: Follow the Drinking Gourd For the old man is a-waiting for to carry you to freedom The riverbank makes a very good road, The dead trees will show you the way Left foot, peg foot, traveling on
The river ends between two hills
Follow the Drinking Gourd
There’s another river on the other side
When the great big river meets the little river
For the old man is a-waiting for to carry you to freedom
If you follow the Drinking Gourd

35. Spirituals
Spirituals like “Wade in the Water”, “The Gospel Train” and “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” directly refer to the Underground Railroad.
Spirituals gradually evolved to serve a variety of purposes in the fight for freedom:
1) Singing as an expression of values
2) Singing as a source of inspiration or motivation
3) Singing as an expression of protest
4) Singing as a communication tool

36. Task
The year is You are on the Underground Railroad, as a conductor or as a passenger (your choice). Create a diary or journal entry which chronicles your journey.
-Where are you from?
-Where are you headed?
-What problems are you facing?
-What actions are you taking?

37. The Underground Railroad