1. Underground Railroad

3. Vocabulary Abolition: the movement to end slavery Abolitionist: a person who believed and worked for the abolishment (end) of slavery

4. The Underground Railroad Above-ground series of escape routes for slaves traveling North Consisted of “stations” or safe houses owned by abolitionists “Conductors” were people who led the runaways to freedom (like guides)

5. Henry “Box” Brown Packed himself in a box and shipped himself to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

6. Harriet Jacobs Hid in a crawl space in her grandmother’s attic for seven years Finally escaped to Philadelphia by boat in 1842 Wrote a novel Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, which was one of the first autobiographical accounts of the struggle for freedom and the sexual abuse endured by many female slaves

8. Frederick Douglass Escaped slave, social reformer, orator, writer, and statesman Leader of the abolitionist movement Known for his dazzling oratory and incisive antislavery writing Acted as a living counter-example to slaveholders’ arguments that slaves did not have the intellectual capacity to function as free American citizens

9. Would you take the risk? If slaves were caught, they were sold or beaten with a whip; sometimes they were lynched (hung)

10. Harriet Tubman

11. Born a slave in Maryland Escaped using the Underground Railroad She made 19 journeys from the South to the North as a Conductor on the Underground Railroad

12. Harriet Tubman Southern plantation owners offered $40,000 for her capture She was never caught.

13. Spirituals Many spirituals referred directly to the Underground Railroad Singing as an expression of values Singing as a source of inspiration or motivation Singing as an expression of protest Singing as a communication tool

14. Chorus: Swing low, sweet chariot, Comin' for to carry me home! I looked over Jordan and what did I see, Comin' for to carry me home! A band of angels comin' after me, Comin' for to carry me home! Chorus: If you get there before I do, Comin' for to carry me home, Jess tell my friends that I'm acomin' too, Comin' for to carry me home. Chorus: I'm sometimes up and sometimes down, Comin' for to carry me home, But still my soul feels heavenly bound Comin' for to carry me home!

15. Quilts During the time of the Underground Railroad fugitive slaves would use quilts as a means of communication. Quilts were used by conductors to help fugitive slaves flee the South and arrive safely in the North.