Characteristics of Living Things and Classification What makes something living? How do we organize living things?

How are living things organized?

Organization of Living Things MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS

4 Characteristics of ALL Living Things Living things are made of CELLS that contain DNA Living things have a METABOLISM to help them use energy to live, grow, and develop Living things maintain HOMEOSTASIS A stable internal environment Living things REPRODUCE

Characteristics of Living Things:

Similarities and Differences Among Living Things Living things go about the 4 characteristics in similar AND different ways 8 Life processes that are similar and different among living things: Obtaining nutrients Transport of materials throughout organism Breaking down nutrients to get energy (cellular respiration) Combining simple substances to make more complex substances (synthesis) Growth Removal of waste products (Excretion) Responding to internal and external stimuli Reproducing

Simple to Complex:

Helping Vocabulary Number of cells: Nucleus? Mode of nutrition: Multicellular: Made of many cells Unicellular: Made of one cell Nucleus? Eukaryote: Cells contain a nucleus Prokaryote: Cells lack a nucleus Mode of nutrition: Heterotroph: Need to obtain food Autotroph: Can make own food

Website with nice graphics of levels of biological organization: http://www.nature.com/scitable/content/Biology-Is-Studied-at-Many-Levels-of-35665

The Five Kingdoms:

The 5 Kingdoms Animalia Fungi Plantae Protista Monera Similarities and Differences in life processes has grouped organisms into 5 different kingdoms Animalia Fungi Plantae Protista Monera MULTICELLULAR EUKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR PROKARYOTIC

Obtaining Nutrients (FOOD!) Heterotroph Gets nutrients from the environment Kingdoms: Animalia, Fungi, Some Protista and Monera Autotroph Makes own food Plantae and some Protists (photosynthesis), some Bacteria (chemosynthesis)

Transport of materials Unicellular Orgs: Transport within cytoplasm Kingdoms: Protista, Monera Multicellular Orgs: Transport within liquids and tubes Animalia, Plantae, Fungi

Reproduction Asexual: Sexual: One parent Offspring genetically identical (clones) Kingdoms: Some Fungi, Protista, Monera Sexual: Two parents Offspring genetically different from parents Some Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Classification of Living Things Why classify organisms? For easy identification For evolutionary comparison of organisms Organisms are grouped into large categories based on similarities Once in a group, organisms are separated based on differences

Classification of Living Things 5 Kingdoms Phyla (s. Phylum) Class Order Family Genus Species DIVIDED INTO DIVIDED INTO # OF ORGANISMS DECREASES DIVIDED INTO DIFFERENCES AMONG ORGS INCREASES DIVIDED INTO DIVIDED INTO DIVIDED INTO

Acronym to help remember! King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti

Classification of Humans KINGDOM: Animalia PHYLUM: Chordata Has backbone CLASS: Mammalia Females have mammary glands ORDER: Primates Larger brain size FAMILY: Hominidae GENUS: Homo SPECIES: sapiens

Scientific Naming Scientific name = Genus + species Referred to as Binomial Nomenclature (2 name naming system) species is not capitalized Both are always italicized or underlined Ex. Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens Abbreviation: First letter of genus (capitalized), followed by species Ex. H. sapiens Scientists have only identified and named a FRACTION of all living organisms on Earth!!!!