An Introduction to Matter

What is Matter?

Is this matter?

So…What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. (You cannot always see it, like air molecules, but when the wind blows you can certainly feel it! )

Matter Matter Everywhere Matter, matter everywhere. There's matter in your hair. Matter in the air. There's even matter in a pear! There's liquid matter, solid matter, and matter that's a gas. Even you are matter, because you have volume and mass! In trying to make sense of the universe, scientists have classified everything that exists into two broad categories: matter and energy. Simply stated, matter can be thought of as "stuff" and energy is "the stuff that moves stuff.“ Now, if you take all the "stuff" in the world, you know that there are many different types. To further simplify things, matter has been broken down into three basic types, or "states of matter": solids, liquids, and gas. (Actually there are more than three, but we're going to concentrate on the main forms here.) Matter can change from one state to another, which we call a "physical change." Physical changes usually occur when heat (energy) is either added or taken away. A good example of a physical change is when an ice cube melts. It starts as a solid but when you add heat, it turns into a liquid. The cool thing about a physical change is that it can be reversed. If you take the liquid water from the melted ice and cool it down again (remove the heat), it turns back into a solid!

Matter made up of tiny particles called atoms. are always moving are attracted to one another state of matter is determined by the movement of the particles. the more energy they have, the further apart they want to get from each other.

States of Matter Solid, Liquid, and Gas

STATES OF MATTER SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

Properties of Matter Properties are characteristics used to describe an object There are 4 basic properties of matter: 1. Mass 2. Volume 3. Weight 4. Density

Volume Volume is the amount of space an object takes up Volume of a LiquidVolume of a Solid Graduated CylinderMeasuring Length, Width and Height Multiplying L x W x H Unit: Liters (often mL) mL 3 Unit: Meters (often cm) cm 3

Mass Mass is the amount of matter in an object The mass of an object always stays the same no matter where the object is in the universe!! Unit: Grams

Weight Weight measures the force of gravity on an object Changes depending where you are in the universe Unit: Newtons Earth= 150 NewtonsMoon= 50 Newtons

Density Density is the amount of matter in a given space, or volume A Golf Ball is denser than a ping pong ball because the golf ball has more matter in a similar volume Unit: g/cm 3 Mass = 2 gramsMass = 46 grams

States of Matter Solid The state of matter that has the least amount of energy. It has a definite shape and volume. The particles of a solid are packed close together. Believe it or not, the particles of a solid are moving, vibrating back and forth, but they don't have enough energy to break away from one another.

States of Matter Liquid A liquid is matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape. A liquid takes the shape of its container but keeps the same volume. The particles in a liquid move more freely than those in a solid, but do not have enough energy to move apart from one another

States of Matter Gas Gas is matter that does not have a definite shape or volume. The particles in a gas are far apart and move quickly in all directions. Most gases are invisible, such as the air you breathe. 12 gases

But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ? Will everything just be a gas?

STATES OF MATTER PLASMA  A plasma is an ionized gas.  A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.  Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Plasma is the common state of matter

Some places where plasmas are found… 1. Flames

2. Lightning

3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

Do you know of a substance that can be in 3 states of matter? (Solid, liquid & gas) WATER

Question #1 What would you look like if you were water in the Solid state? Discussion: What do you know about water when it is in the form of ice? Are the molecules touching? Are the molecules moving?

Question #2 What would you look like if you were water in the Liquid state? Discussion: What do you know about water when it is in liquid state? Are the molecules touching? Are the molecules moving?

Question #3 What would you look like if you were water in the Gaseous (gas) state? Discussion: What do you know about water when it is in a gas state? Are the molecules touching? Are the molecules moving?

Be a water molecule… Now each of you are a water molecule! What would the class look like if we were in solid form (ice)? What would the class look like if we were in liquid form (what we call “water”)? What would the class look like if we were in gaseous form (water vapor)?

Periodic Table of Elements On the note card, answer the following questions: 1. What do you already know about the periodic table? 2.What do you want to know about it? **WRITE YOUR NAME ON THIS SHEET**

Periodic Table of Elements Using the following directions, color your Periodic Table of Elements. Color the solids red. Color the liquids green. Color the gases blue. Draw a black line separating the metals and the non- metals. Make the radioactive elements purple, polka-dotted. Make the man-made elements yellow strips. ******Make sure that your name and hour are written on your periodic table to receive full credit******

Atomic Model