The Geography of Greece

Archaic Greece: 1650 BCE - 700 BCE

Bronze Age Greece

Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

Knossos: Minoan Civilization

Minoan Civilization

The Mycenaean Civilization

Homer: The “Heroic Age”

The Mask of Agamemnon

"Hellenic" (Classical) Greece: 700 BCE - 324 BCE

ATHENS: 700’sbce-300’sbce

Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

Early Athenian Lawgivers Draco First written code created around 621 “draconian” Solon(archon in 594 B.C.) Outlawed selling people into slavery to pay their debt Divided citizens into 4 groups based on wealth: wealthiest 2 could hold office Cleisthenes created the first democracy

Athenian Society 3 class groups Citizens: extended to all those born in Athens, only the men had political rights Metics: born outside Athens, free and had to pay taxes but had no political rights and could not own land Slaves: captured in war, together with metics made up more than half of Athenian society

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Persian Wars Marathon (490 BCE) 26 miles from Athens The War begins: real vs Hollywood! http://youtu.be/EmOH5f1J1Uc Marathon (490 BCE) 26 miles from Athens Thermopylae (480 BCE) 300 Spartans at the mountain pass Death of Leonidas Salamis (480 BCE) Athenian navy victorious Final Victory: Battle of Plataea http://youtu.be/Qsma7OGcp6A

Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE

The Delian League Thasos Lesbos Delos Naxos Melos

The Age of Pericles Not only did Pericles bring great changes to the government of Greece, he also brought great changes to the nature of art and progress of his time. The great structures of Greece, The New Temple of Athena and the Parthenon among others, were built during his time. Not only did Pericles use these structures to change the face of Greek art and the cultural pulse of the nation but he also used them for political reasons as well.

Great Athenian Philosophers Socrates Know thyself! question everything only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness. Plato The Academy The world of the FORMS The Republic  philosopher-king

Great Athenian Philosophers Aristotle The Lyceum “Golden Mean” [everything in moderation]. Logic. Scientific method.

Athens: The Arts & Sciences DRAMA (tragedians): Aeschylus Sophocles Euripides THE SCIENCES: Pythagoras Democritus  all matter made up of small atoms. Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”

Phidias’ Acropolis

The Acropolis Today

The Parthenon

The Agora

The Classical Greek “Ideal”

Olympia

The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers

Olympia: Temple to Hera

The 2004 Olympics

SPARTA

SPARTA Helots  Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

Spartan society 3 social groups Equals: descended from the invaders, controlled Sparta Half-citizens: free, paid taxes and served in the army but had no political power, some farmed but others worked in the city as traders or artisans Helots: slaves, greatly outnumbered the other groups so Spartans used force to control them, in large part this is why Sparta became a military city-state

Spartan Government Two kings led Sparta A council of Elders 1 king handled military 1 king took care of domestic matters A council of Elders Made up of 28 male citizens over the age of 60 Proposed laws and served as a criminal court An assembly Included all male citizens over 30 Elected 5 ephors Made sure the kings stayed within the law Elected for a 1 year term Controlled the education of Spartans

Peloponnesian Wars

Macedonia Under Philip II

"Hellenistic" Greece: 324 BCE - 100 BCE

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great’s Empire

Alexander the Great in Persia

The Hellenization of Asia

Pergamum: A Hellenistic City

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

Hellenistic Philosophers Cynics  Diogenes ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries. citizens of the world. live a humble, simple life. Epicurians  Epicurus avoid pain & seek pleasure. all excess leads to pain! politics should be avoided.

Hellenistic Philosophers Stoics  Zeno nature is the expansion of divine will. concept of natural law. get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all. true happiness is found in great achievements.

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences Scientists / Mathematicians: Aristarchus  heliocentric theory. Euclid  geometry Archimedes  pulley Hellenistic Art: More realistic; less ideal than Hellenic art. Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire