Erosion and Deposition CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Erosion and Deposition the BIG idea Water, wind, and ice shape Earth’s surface. 5.1 Forces wear down and build up Earth’s surface. 5.2 Moving water shapes land. 5.3 Waves and wind shape land. 5.4 Glaciers carve land and move sediments. CHAPTER OUTLINE

5.1 Forces wear down and build up Earth’s surface. Water, wind, and ice move sediment in the process called erosion. erosion deposition mass wasting SECTION OUTLINE

5.1 Forces wear down and build up Earth’s surface. Water, wind, and ice move sediment in the process called erosion. The placement of sediment in a new location is deposition, part of the erosion process. erosion deposition mass wasting SECTION OUTLINE

5.1 erosion Forces wear down and build up Earth’s surface. deposition mass wasting The process in which sediment is picked up and moved from one place to another. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.1 deposition Forces wear down and build up Earth’s surface. erosion deposition deposition mass wasting The process in which transported sediment is laid down. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.1 mass wasting Forces wear down and build up Earth’s surface. erosion mass wasting deposition mass wasting The downhill movement of loose rock or soil. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Moving water shapes land. 5.2 Moving water shapes land. Water drains from land in drainage basins, which are separated by divides. drainage basin divide floodplain alluvial fan delta sinkhole SECTION OUTLINE

Moving water shapes land. 5.2 Moving water shapes land. Water drains from land in drainage basins, which are separated by divides. As water flows over land and underground, it moves sediment and changes land features. drainage basin divide floodplain alluvial fan delta sinkhole oxbow lakes meanders SECTION OUTLINE

Moving water shapes land. 5.2 Moving water shapes land. Water drains from land in drainage basins, which are separated by divides. As water flows over land and underground, it moves sediment and changes land features. drainage basin divide floodplain alluvial fan delta sinkhole SECTION OUTLINE

5.2 drainage basin Moving water shapes land. divide An area of land in which water drains into a stream system. The borders of a drainage basin are called divides. floodplain alluvial fan delta sinkhole KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.2 divide Moving water shapes land. drainage basin divide divide A continuous high line of land (or ridge) from which water drains to one side or the other. floodplain alluvial fan delta sinkhole KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.2 floodplain Moving water shapes land. drainage basin floodplain divide A flat area of land on either side of a stream that becomes flooded when a river overflows its banks. floodplain alluvial fan delta sinkhole KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.2 alluvial fan Moving water shapes land. drainage basin alluvial fan divide A fan-shaped deposit of sediment at the base of a slope, formed as water flows down the slope and spreads at the bottom. floodplain alluvial fan delta sinkhole KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.2 delta Moving water shapes land. drainage basin delta divide An area of land at the end, or mouth, of a river that is formed by the buildup of sediment. floodplain alluvial fan delta sinkhole KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.2 sinkhole Moving water shapes land. drainage basin sinkhole divide An open basin that forms when the roof of a cavern becomes so thin that it falls in. floodplain alluvial fan delta sinkhole KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Waves and wind shape land. 5.3 Waves and wind shape land. The action of water moves sand and builds up new landforms, such as sandbars and barrier islands. longshore drift Incoming waves push sand up the beach at an angle. The sand washes back straight down the beach. longshore current 2 1 wave direction longshore current sandbar barrier island dune loess SECTION OUTLINE

Waves and wind shape land. 5.3 Waves and wind shape land. The action of water moves sand and builds up new landforms, such as sandbars and barrier islands. longshore drift longshore current sandbar As more sand is deposited, the sandbar rises above the surface to become a barrier island. Waves and currents move and build up sand deposits to form a sandbar under the water surface. barrier island dune loess SECTION OUTLINE

Waves and wind shape land. 5.3 Waves and wind shape land. The action of water moves sand and builds up new landforms, such as sandbars and barrier islands. longshore drift Wind forms dunes. longshore current Wind makes sand particles build up and tumble down, causing a dune to migrate, or move. wind sand-particle movement dune movement sandbar barrier island dune loess SECTION OUTLINE

5.3 longshore drift Waves and wind shape land. longshore current The zigzag movement of sand along a beach, caused by the action of waves. sandbar barrier island dune loess KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.3 longshore current Waves and wind shape land. longshore drift longshore current longshore current The overall direction and movement of water as waves strike the shore at an angle. sandbar barrier island dune loess KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.3 sandbar Waves and wind shape land. longshore drift sandbar longshore current A ridge of sand built up by the action of waves and currents. sandbar barrier island dune loess KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.3 barrier island Waves and wind shape land. longshore drift barrier island longshore current A long, narrow island that develops parallel to a coast as a sandbar builds up above the water’s surface. sandbar barrier island dune loess KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.3 dune Waves and wind shape land. A mound of sand built up by wind. longshore drift dune longshore current A mound of sand built up by wind. sandbar barrier island dune loess KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.3 loess Waves and wind shape land. longshore drift loess longshore current Deposits of fine-grained, wind-blown sediment. sandbar barrier island dune loess KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Glaciers carve land and move sediments. 5.4 Glaciers carve land and move sediments. Glaciers are large bodies of ice glacier till moraine kettle lake SECTION OUTLINE

Glaciers carve land and move sediments. 5.4 Glaciers carve land and move sediments. that change landscapes as they move. Glaciers are large bodies of ice glacier till moraine The ice sheet covering a land of river valleys began to retreat. ICE 14,000 Years Ago 1 Water filled the bowls carved out by the ice. ICE 7000 Years Ago 2 The Great Lakes contain 20 percent of the world’s fresh lake water. Today 3 kettle lake SECTION OUTLINE

5.4 glacier Glaciers carve land and move sediments. till A large mass of ice that exists year-round and moves over land. moraine kettle lake KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.4 till Glaciers carve land and move sediments. Sediment of different sizes left directly on the ground by a melting, or retreating, glacier. moraine kettle lake KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.4 moraine Glaciers carve land and move sediments. till A deposit of till left behind by a retreating glacier. Moraines can form along a glacier’s sides and at its end. moraine kettle lake KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.4 kettle lake Glaciers carve land and move sediments. till A bowl-shaped lake that was formed as sediment built up around a block of ice left behind by a glacier. moraine kettle lake KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

5.1 Forces wear down and build up Earth’s surface. I. Forces wear down and build up Earth’s surface. erosion A. Natural forces move and deposit sediments. deposition B. Gravity can move large amounts of rock and soil. mass wasting 1. Mass Wasting of Rock 2. Mudflow 3. Slumps and Creep KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Moving water shapes land. 5.2 Moving water shapes land. II. Moving water shapes land. drainage basin A. Streams shape Earth’s surface. divide 1. Drainage Basins and Divides floodplain 2. Valleys and Floodplains alluvial fan 3. Stream Channels delta 4. Alluvial Fans and Deltas sinkhole B. Water moving underground forms caverns. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Waves and wind shape land. 5.3 Waves and wind shape land. III. Waves and wind shape land. longshore drift A. Waves and currents shape shorelines. longshore current 1. Shorelines sandbar 2. Sandbars and Barrier Islands barrier island B. Wind shapes land. dune 1. Dune Formation loess 2. Loess 3. Desert Pavement KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Glaciers carve land and move sediments. 5.4 Glaciers carve land and move sediments. IV. Glaciers carve land and move sediments. glacier A. Glaciers are moving bodies of ice. till 1. Extent of Glaciers moraine 2. Alpine Glaciers kettle lake 3. Continental Glaciers B. Glaciers deposit large amounts of sediment. 1. Moraines 2. Lakes KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY