Department of Municipal Hygiene and Occupational Health Lecture on communal hygiene for 4th year Topic: "The influence of air pollution on the health of the population"

Questions are subject to the analysis: 1.The influence of air pollution on health. 2.The influence of air pollution on sanitary conditions. 3. Vliyaniye atmosfernykh zagryazneniy na mikroklimat i svetovoy klimat gorodov i rastitel'nost'. Effects of atmospheric pollution on climate and light climate and vegetation cities.

One of the most important areas of air quality management is the study and evaluation of changes in health status when exposed to air pollution. International organizations, primarily the World Health Organization (WHO), the government and the scientific community of the world pays great attention to the issues of protection and promotion of public health in relation to the environment.

As a result, numerous studies to assess the potential role of the harmful effects of air pollution in the distribution of the major disease categories of the population: As a result, numerous studies to assess the potential role of the harmful effects of air pollution in the distribution of the major disease categories of the population: - Cardiovascular diseases; - Cancer and ionizing radiation; - Diseases associated with chemical carcinogens, - Respiratory diseases - Infectious diseases, - Injury and poisoning, - Psychiatric disorders. - Cardiovascular diseases; - Cancer and ionizing radiation; - Diseases associated with chemical carcinogens, - Respiratory diseases - Infectious diseases, - Injury and poisoning, - Psychiatric disorders.

Modern approach to the study and assessment of the health status of the population, depending on the ambient air quality is based on two main areas. The first direction includes an assessment has already made changes in the health status of the population. In this case we are talking about the relationship of individual indicators characterizing the state of health with environmental parameters established quantitative relationships between them.

The second area concerns the study of nosological processes observed in the individual systems of the body; assessment of the functional state of these systems and the body as a whole; definition of conditionality these conditions the influence of different environmental factors.

The largest number of works on the system "air-health" is dedicated to the hygienic assessment of the impact on the incidence of the population living in the area of air pollution, or that of an industrial enterprise.

Confirmed that today's large industrial cities with tight ecological situation is characterized by the presence in the environment a lot of impurity contamination combination that calls for a comprehensive risk assessment of the impact of the actual load on the body of the actual pollution of the environment.

At the same time revealed the relationship with the degree of morbidity levels of air pollution, and the marked increase in the incidence of acute respiratory infections and chronic respiratory diseases, diseases of the sense organs and nervous system, allergic diseases.

A number of studies noted not only increased levels of morbidity, but also changes in its structure, in particular, an increase in the proportion of clinical entities such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema of the lungs, asthma, lung cancer.

The child's body is extremely sensitive to adverse factors such as due to anatomical and physiological characteristics and functional imperfections of organs and systems. Due to the lack of development in their adaptation mechanisms in children living in industrial areas with different types of pollution of the environment, reduces the overall reactivity of the organism increases the voltage of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms implemented at the expense of functional reserves, reduced immunological status and formed a definite shift direction in morbidity.

Proved the possibility of adverse effects of air pollution on the specific functions of the female body, which manifests itself: - In reducing the birth rate and a normal delivery; - Increase the number of complications of pregnancy and childbirth; - Postpartum period and preterm birth.

A large body of research supporting the possibility of long-term effects on the body when exposed to physical and chemical factors, showed the presence of a quantitative relationship between the degree of air pollution and the incidence of genetic abnormalities.

The relation between the number of congenital malformations, decreased body weight infants of mothers living in areas with heavy air pollution.

Indicators of the functional state: - The cardiovascular system -dyhatelnoy System - The nervous and immune systems of the body, its total resistance are particularly sensitive to adverse environmental factors, possible indicators prepathological changes.

Effects of atmospheric pollution: The first signals of possible negative effect of the atmosphere on human health were the so-called toxic mists, which increases in adverse weather conditions.

The influence of air pollution on sanitary conditions. Industrial air pollution - dust, soot, fumes, - improve the sanitary conditions of the population. Dust and soot deposited on glass, reduce light, often enter the home through the open windows, vents, cracks and pollute the walls, ceilings and internal environment.

Effects of atmospheric pollution on climate and light climate of the city. Urban air pollution improves the microclimate and light climate. BV Richter found that the higher the dust concentration, the larger needs the solar radiation.

The influence of air pollution on vegetation. Around the plant, as well as chemical, metallurgical, aluminum, cement plants, and many others, vegetation - decorative and fruit trees groves, forests, crops and even grass cover is often more or less affected.

Estimated air pollution and its impact on health in order to develop preventive measures: - Planning- technological- Sanitary - administrative legislative

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