Explorers and Conquistadors Unit 4, SSWH 10 a

What effect did the Age of Discovery & expansion have on the Americas, Africa, & Asia?

SSWH 10 a Explain the roles of explorers and conquistadors; include Zheng He, Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, James Cook, and Samuel de Champlain.

Conquistador and Explorer Conquistador: Spanish soldiers, explorers, & fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th century. p. 472 Explorer: a person who travels in search of geographical or scientific information.

3 Gs of Exploration Renaissance inspires exploration as early as the 1400s. God: Desire to spread Christianity Glory: Desire to become a hero for discovering new places Gold: Desire to become rich and powerful (individually & nationally)

Technology Advances in technology made the voyages of discovery possible Caravel—new ship sturdier and shallower (allowing them to sail closer into shore) Adopted triangular sails from the Arabs: this allowed the ships to sail against the wind

Astrolabe: an instrument sailors used to determine their location at sea (told how far north or south they were from the equator Sextant: replaced the astrolabe in the 1700s, sailors could determine both latitude and longitude

Compass: an instrument which allowed sailors to track direction accurately (adopted from the Chinese) Navigation Schools: created by Prince Henry, Portugal, in 1419 – map and instrument makers, shipbuilders, scientists, and sea captains all attended his school

Zheng He, 1430s Chinese Muslim admiral, led 7 expeditions Chinese emperor, Youglo, wanted the world to see China’s greatness Traveled from Southeast Asia to eastern Africa p. 381-382

Some foreign countries paid tribute to China, & all received Chinese gifts After the 7th expedition China withdrew into isolation

Christopher Columbus, 1492 Spanish wanted a direct route to Asia October, discovered an island in the Caribbean “West Indies” Opened the way for European colonization of the Americas p. 449-451, 472 -473

Increased tensions between Spain & Portugal Treaty of Tordesillas: Agreement of both countries & what land they could have (imaginary line North & South) p. 450,481

Vasco da Gama, 1497 Portuguese explorer – explored the east African coast In 1498, reached Calicut (India) Returned to Portugal, 1499, brought back cargo 60 times the cost of the voyage Discovered a direct route to India p. 448

Ferdinand Magellan, 1519 Portuguese explorer, sailed for Spain to the new ocean (Pacific) Sailed around the southern tip of South America Eventually, they reached the Philippines 1521 p.451, 459

Magellan died in the Philippines (local war) & his crew returned home 1522 First group to circumnavigate the world (sail around)

Samuel de Champlain, 1608 French explorer went into the New York harbor & sailed up the St. Lawrence River. He & 32 colonists found Quebec, which became the base for French colonies - “New France” p. 483

James Cook, 1769 British sea captain, claimed New Zealand and part of Australia for England Responsible for detailed Charts and Maps p. 798,800

Map it Chose 1 explorer and pretend they were never born…describe how the map would look different without their exploration. Jot your answer—1 minute Prepare to Share

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE & GLOBAL TRADE Unit 4, SSWH 10 b

What effect did the Age of Discovery & expansion have on the Americas, Africa, & Asia?

SSWH 10 b Define the Columbian Exchange and its global economic and cultural impact.

Columbian Exchange Global transfer of foods, plants, & animals during the colonization of the Americas

Europeans sent livestock – horses, cattle, sheep, & pigs American AgL: corn & potatoes –part of the diets around the world boost the world’s population Native Americans – millions died from diseases brought by Europeans

Global Economic Impact Capitalism: an economic system based on private ownership & investment of resources Joint Stock Corporation: investors buying shares in a company: colonization (Jamestown) Mercantilism: an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth & power by obtaining large amounts of gold & silver – by selling more goods than they bought Nation’s goal was to become self-sufficient, not depend on other countries for goods

Cultural Impact Colonies: merchants grew in wealth & socially, colonies grew but had no power Europe: few grew (only investors), majority remained poor

Triangular Trade Trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas (shaped like a triangle) Middle Passage: the route that African Slaves crossed coming to the Americas