Japan

The Growth of Japanese Civilization Japan’s Location Japan lies east of China; name means “land of the rising sun” Closest neighbor is 120 miles over water, Korea 500 miles of water separate it from China Geography of Japan Consists of about 3,000 islands in a 12,000-mile archipelago

The Jomon (Joh-Mohn) Found originally around 5000 B.C. They made clay pottery, using knotted cords to make designs on the clay’s surface. This culture is called Jomon, which means “cord marks” in Japanese. Settled in fishing villages. Fishing became their way of life. Lasted until 300 B.C.

The Yayoi (Yah-yoy) Displaced immigrants from Korea and China around 300 B.C. Introduced farming to Japan (Grew rice in patties). They brought the technology of Bronze and Iron. They made axes, knives, and hoes from iron. They made swords spears and bells from bronze.

Organized themselves into clans. A clan was a group of families related by blood or marriage. Protected by warriors The Yayoi also brought Shinto to Japan.Shinto

Shinto “Way of the Spirits” All natural things are alive, even the winds, the mountains, and the rivers. Animism-the idea that all things have their own spirit. Kami-Nature spirits provided help To honor Kami, they worshipped shrines.

Yamato A.D. 500 Yamato grew in power and eventually took over the islands. Claimed that they came from the sun goddess and, therefore, had a right to rule Japan. Jimmu (jeem-mu)-Yamato leader took the title “emperor of Heaven.”

Yamato Period: “Great Kings” era Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture:  Confucianism.  Language (kanji characters).  Buddhist sects.  Chinese art & architecture.  Government structure. Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture:  Confucianism.  Language (kanji characters).  Buddhist sects.  Chinese art & architecture.  Government structure.

Japanese Culture Buddhism in Japan Japanese learn Chinese ideas, customs from contact with Korea Buddhism spreads widely in Japan, mixes with Shinto practices Cultural Borrowing from China Chinese ideas, practices gain wide currency in Japan as result Japanese adopt Chinese writing, art, and ways of everyday living Japan does not copy China’s civil-service system

Prince Shotoku: Shotoku was a Yamato Prince. He looked to China to create a strong government. Created a Constitution- Gave all power to the Emperor.

Prince Shotoku:  Adopted Chinese culture and Confucianism.  Buddhist sects allowed to develop.  Created a new government structure: 17 Article Constitution in 604. First form of Japanese writing

Heian Period: Characteristics:  Growth of large landed estates.  Arts & literature of China flourished.  Elaborate court life is highly refined…a lot of etiquette was taught.  Great novel was written  The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu 1000 pgs. Characteristics:  Growth of large landed estates.  Arts & literature of China flourished.  Elaborate court life is highly refined…a lot of etiquette was taught.  Great novel was written  The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu 1000 pgs.

Heian Period: Cultural Borrowing 1.Chinese writing. 2.Chinese artistic styles. 3.Buddhism in the form of ZEN. 1.Chinese writing. 2.Chinese artistic styles. 3.Buddhism in the form of ZEN.

Tale of Genji ( first novel)

Lady Murasaki Shikibu Author of the Tale of Genji.

Who Were the Samurai? *To create their armies and protect their land, nobles gave land to warriors who agreed to fight. These warriors became known as the Samurai. * Samurai means “One who serves”.  Lived by a strict code of conduct called Bushido.  A Samurai would die before betraying his lord or before to being captured. *To create their armies and protect their land, nobles gave land to warriors who agreed to fight. These warriors became known as the Samurai. * Samurai means “One who serves”.  Lived by a strict code of conduct called Bushido.  A Samurai would die before betraying his lord or before to being captured.

Code of Bushido “The Way of the Warrior.”  Courageous, Loyal and Honorable  Masculine and brave  Simplicity…not caring for wealth. *Polite and honest  Courageous, Loyal and Honorable  Masculine and brave  Simplicity…not caring for wealth. *Polite and honest

Full Samurai Attire Full Samurai Attire Full Samurai Attire Full Samurai Attire

Samurai Sword

What is a Shogun? Shogun What is a Shogun? Shogun  Shoguns came into power after a civil war between the Minamoto family & the Yamato Family.  Shogun-title given to the Commander of all of the Emperor’s military forces.  With Shoguns came two governments  (1).The Emperor was still the head of the country, but had no power.  (2). The military government was known as the Shogunate. Shoguns ran the country for the next 700 years.  Shoguns came into power after a civil war between the Minamoto family & the Yamato Family.  Shogun-title given to the Commander of all of the Emperor’s military forces.  With Shoguns came two governments  (1).The Emperor was still the head of the country, but had no power.  (2). The military government was known as the Shogunate. Shoguns ran the country for the next 700 years.

Minamoto Yoritomo Founded the Kamakura Shogunate in This was the first Shogun to rule over Japan.

Mongol “Invasions ” of Japan 4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze kamikaze winds stopped them.

Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor vs. Medieval Warriors

The Daimyo Divide Japan  Ashikaga Takauji turned against the emperor and made himself Shogun in  Not as efficient as Kamakura.  The Ashikaga Shogunate began.  Weak rulers, revolts broke out.  Country is divided into territories led powerful military lords known as Daimyo (DY-mee-yo).  Ashikaga Takauji turned against the emperor and made himself Shogun in  Not as efficient as Kamakura.  The Ashikaga Shogunate began.  Weak rulers, revolts broke out.  Country is divided into territories led powerful military lords known as Daimyo (DY-mee-yo).

 Samurai warriors became Vassals.  Samurai gave an oath of loyalty to his daimyo and promised to serve him in times of war.  In return, the Samurai received land.  This bond is known as Feudalism.  Samurai warriors became Vassals.  Samurai gave an oath of loyalty to his daimyo and promised to serve him in times of war.  In return, the Samurai received land.  This bond is known as Feudalism.

Feudal Society The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!

FeudalismFeudalism Japan: A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan: Shogun Daimyo Samurai Peasant Land - Shoen Protection Loyalty Food

FeudalismFeudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Europe: King Lord Knight Peasant Land - Fief Protection Loyalty Food

Code of Chivalry  Justice  Loyalty  Defense  Courage  Faith  Humility  Nobility  Justice  Loyalty  Defense  Courage  Faith  Humility  Nobility