2. Japan

3. The Growth of Japanese Civilization Japan’s Location Japan lies east of China; name means “land of the rising sun” Closest neighbor is 120 miles over water, Korea 500 miles of water separate it from China Geography of Japan Consists of about 3,000 islands in a 12,000-mile archipelago Varied climate, but little land for farming

5. Shinto Many different clans worshipped own gods This early religion later called Shinto – “the way of the gods” Shinto worshipers respect forces of nature, ancestors, and kami Kami—divine spirits dwelling in nature: tree, rock, waterfall

6. Yamato Their clan will grow in power and eventually take over the islands –Will be noted for Kofun or mound tombs They develop the earliest Japanese State –The Yamato The Paekche (Chinese) will want an alliance and for this they provide some new imports including, writing, Confucianism, and Buddhism

7. Yamato Period: 300-710 “Great Kings” era Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture  Confucianism.  Language (kanji characters).  Buddhist sects.  Chinese art & architecture.  Government structure. Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture  Confucianism.  Language (kanji characters).  Buddhist sects.  Chinese art & architecture.  Government structure.

8. Japanese Culture Buddhism in Japan Japanese learn Chinese ideas, customs from contact with Korea Buddhism spreads widely in Japan, mixes with Shinto practices Cultural Borrowing from China Chinese ideas, practices gain wide currency in Japan as result Japanese adopt Chinese writing, art, and ways of everyday living Japan does not copy China’s civil-service system

9. Heian Period: 794-1156 Characteristics:  Growth of large estates  Arts & literature of China flourished.  Elaborate court life highly refined  ETIQUETTE – Codes of Behavior  Personal diaries  The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon 10c  Great novel  The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu 1000 pgs.  Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government. Characteristics:  Growth of large estates  Arts & literature of China flourished.  Elaborate court life highly refined  ETIQUETTE – Codes of Behavior  Personal diaries  The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon 10c  Great novel  The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu 1000 pgs.  Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government.

10. Heian Period: Cultural Borrowing 1.Chinese writing. 2.Chinese artistic styles. 3.Buddhism in the form of ZEN. 4.BUT, not the Chinese civil service system! 1.Chinese writing. 2.Chinese artistic styles. 3.Buddhism in the form of ZEN. 4.BUT, not the Chinese civil service system!

11. Zen Buddhism  A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, which came from India through China.  It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self-discipline.

12. Heian Court Dress

13. The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon (diary)

15. Tale of Genji ( first novel)

16. Tale of Genji Scroll (first novel)

17. Lady Murasaki Shikibu She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji.

19. Minamoto Yoritomo Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333

20. Feudal Society The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!

21. FeudalismFeudalism Japan: A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan: Shogun Daimyo Samurai Peasant Land - Shoen Protection Loyalty Food

22. FeudalismFeudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Europe: King Lord Knight Peasant Land - Fief Protection Loyalty Food

23. Code of Bushido  Fidelity  Politeness  Virility  Simplicity  Fidelity  Politeness  Virility  Simplicity

24. Full Samurai Attire

25. Samurai Sword

26. Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense A COTTON BREECH CLOUT A COTTON BREECH CLOUT that extended up over the chest was the basic undergarment of a samurai’s costume A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO, or “armor robe,” was tied snugly at the waist with a special knot (lower right)

27. BILLOWING PANTALOONS, BILLOWING PANTALOONS, worn over the armor robe, fitted loosely in the legs to allow freedom of movement STURDY SHINGUARDS STURDY SHINGUARDS of cloth or leather were reinforced with strips of iron to give protection from the front AN EXQUISITE BROCADE AN EXQUISITE BROCADE, richly worked with a design of peonies, was one of the extravagant materials used in an armor robe that may have been made for a 14 th Century imperial prince

28. Modern-Day “Samurai Warriors”

29. Code of Chivalry   Justice  Loyalty  Defense  Courage  Faith  Humility  Nobility   Justice  Loyalty  Defense  Courage  Faith  Humility  Nobility

30. European knight Samurai Warrior vs. Medieval Warriors

31. Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor vs. Medieval Warriors

32. Early Mounted Samurai Warriors

33. Samurai Charging

34. Seppuku: Ritual Suicide Kaishaku – his “seconds” It is honorable to die in this way.

35. Mongol “Invasions ” of Japan 4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze kamikaze winds stopped them.

36. Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573 ►  Shoguns fought for power. a Laws are unclear. a Less efficient than the Kamakura. a Armies of samurai protected the country.

37. CASTLESCASTLES CASTLESCASTLES

38. Osaka Castle

39. Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle

40. Caernorfon Castle, Wales

41. Warwick Castle, England

42. ROENSROENS ROENSROENS

43. The Age of the Warring States: ( 1467 - 1568)  Castles built on hills in different provinces.  Power shifts from above to below.  Europeans arrive in Japan  bringing firearms & Christianity.  Christianity & foreign trade flourish.

44. Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)  Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun.  Unifies a large part of Japan.  Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun.  Unifies a large part of Japan.

45. Catholic Jesuits in Japan [First Catholic Missionaries in Asia] St. Francis Xavier [First Catholic Missionaries in Asia]

46. Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598)  Becomes suspicious of European territorial ambitions.  Orders all European missionaries expelled from Japan.   Tries to invade Korea, but fails.

47. First Christian Martyrs (1597): Shrine in Nagasaki Today

48. Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) Appointed shogun by the Emperor.  Appointed shogun by the Emperor.  Four-class system laid down with marriage restricted to members of the same class!  Four-class system laid down with marriage restricted to members of the same class!  § Warriors. § Farmers. § Artisans. § Merchants.

49. Tokugawa Shogunate Period  Japan closed off to all trade [except to the Dutch and Chinese]. § The Dutch were restricted to a small island in Nagasaki harbor.  Japanese Christians persecuted and Christianity is forbidden.  The government is centralized with all power in the hands of the shogun.  Domestic trade flourishes.  Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.  Merchant class becomes rich!  New art forms haiku poetry, kabuki theater.