1. NOTES CHAPTER 5.2 SHOGUNS AND SAMURAI I. Nara Japan 1.Nara became the capital city and the Japanese emperors added to the reforms made by Prince Shotoku. Government jobs were given to nobles of powerful families. Jobs could be passed on to sons or another relative. 2.The emperor controlled all the land.  What is the problem with this system of choosing officials?

3. Tōdai-ji – Great Buddha Hall in Nara

4. 4.Buddhism became important in government and society. Buddhist and non-Buddhist struggled for control of the government. 5.The emperor decided to leave Nara to the Buddhist monks and make a new capital in Heian (Kyoto). Why would some nobles oppose Buddhism? Golden Palace in Kyoto

5. II. THE RISE OF THE SHOGUN 1.During the 800’s, regents from the Fujiwara clan ruled for child emperors, and the clan grew powerful and wealthy. 2.The government gave the nobles land to pay them for their work. The Fujiwara put the nobles in charge of governing the land and let them stop paying taxes.

8. Who were the Samurai? 3.To protect their lands and enforce the law, nobles built armies of warriors called samurai, which means “those who serve.” 4.Samurai followed a code of conduct called Bushido, which means “way of the warrior.” Bushido demanded that a samurai be loyal to his master, courageous, and honorable.

11. 5.After the Minamoto clan defeated the Taira clan in the Gempei War (1185), the emperor decided to reward the leader, Minamoto Yoritomo, to keep him happy and loyal. The emperor gave him the title of shogun, or “commander of all of the emperor’s military forces.” 6.The shogun put his government (shogunate) at Kamakura while the emperor stayed in (Heian) Kyoto. Shoguns would run Japan for 700 years. 7.The shoguns appointed loyal samurai to run the provinces and gather taxes.

12. The Mongols Attack 8.Twice, Mongols invaded Japan but were defeated by typhoons called Kamikaze (“divine winds”).

13. III. THE DAIMYO DIVIDE JAPAN 1.As samurai divided their land among their sons, pieces of land got smaller, making samurai angry. 2.The emperor rebelled against the shogun and many samurai joined him. Although he won, the emperor was not able to keep power. He did not give out more land. 3.A general, Askikaga Takauji became shogun. His government was called the Ashikaga shogunate.

14. 4.The country divided into small independent lands ruled by military lords called daimyo. 5.Samurai became vassals (servants) of a daimyo. A samurai gave an oath of loyalty to his daimyo in exchange for land. This exchange of loyalty and land is called feudalism. This was the breakdown of centralized government. REVIEW: Why did the samurai resent the shoguns? Why were so many wars fought between the daimyo? What two things are exchanged in a feudal system?

15. Women Samurai Women had more rights under feudalism Had to protect their families while their husbands were serving the daimyo Learned to use weapons for protection and some even became samurai or owned property