Market Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Chapter 10
What is a market segment? A group of customers within the same general market who are defined by: Differences from other groups Similarities within the group regarding wants, buying preferences, or buying behavior
Target Market The specific market segment for which the marketer designs a particular marketing mix
Market segmentation The process of dividing the total market for a good or service into smaller, internally homogeneous groups
Benefits of market segmentation Small firms- allocate resources to specifically defined and selected markets Medium firms- rapid growth Large firms- reach fragmented groups
Process of segmentation Identify current and potential wants within the market Identify characteristics that distinguish among the segments Determine the size of segments and how well they are being served
Characteristics of good market segments Differences in consumers Similarities within the segment Measurable attributes Large enough Accessible
Limitations of segmentation “Too small” segments Misread differences and similarities Cost inefficient Too many spin-offs Short term vs. long-term orientation Unable to use certain media Firms compete in too many segments Confuse people Products get locked in a declining segment Slow to seek innovative possibilities
The first cut: Ultimate vs. Business consumers
Consumer markets Geographic segmentation Demographic segmentation Psychographic segmentation Behavioral segmentation Benefits desired Usage rate
Geographic segmentation Regional distribution City or metro size Urban, suburban, rural Climate Trends Global marketing Micromarketing
Demographic segmentation Income/education level Age Age effects Cohort effects Gender Family life cycle Occupation Ethnicity/race
Psychographic segmentation Personality Lifestyle VALS Attitudes Opinions
Behavioral segmentation Benefits desired Usage rate
Segmenting business markets Customer location Customer type Size Organization structure Purchase criteria Transaction conditions Buying situation Usage rate Purchase procedure
Target market Strategy Analyze demand Homogeneous Clustered Diffused Aggregation strategy Single segment strategy Multiple segment strategy
Forecasting market demand Quantitative methods Qualitative methods
Basic forecasting terms Market share Market factor Market potential Sales potential Sales forecast
Forecasting sales Table 10-3