ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B, JU Empowerment and Participation Chapter 8

1.The nature of empowerment and its prerequisites 2.The participative process 3.Benefits of participation 4.Types of participative programs 5.Limitations of participation AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND: L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU

Empowerment: is any process that provides greater autonomy to employees through  Sharing of relevant information  Control over factors affecting job performance Nature of Empowerment and Participation: Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU

Five Broad Approaches to Empowerment: 1.Job mastery: Proper training, coaching, and guided experience that will result in initial successes 2.Control: Giving them discretion over job performance and then holding them accountable for outcomes. 3.Role models: Allowing them to observe peers who already perform successfully on the job. 4.Social reinforcement and persuasion: Giving praise, encouragement and verbal feedback designed to raise self confidence 5.Emotional support: Providing reduction of stress and anxiety through better role definition, task assistance and honest caring. Nature of Empowerment and Participation (Contd.): Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU

Nature of Empowerment and Participation (Contd.): Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU The process of empowermentFigure 8-1

Participation: is the mental and emotional involvement of people in group situations that encourages them to contribute to group goals and share responsibility for them. It identifies three important ideas- Involvement: Participation means meaningful involvement rather than mere muscular activity. Motivation to Contribute: It motivate people to contribute. Acceptance of Responsibility: Participation encourages people to accept responsibility in their group’s activities. What is Participation? Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU

Participation leads to Improved performance Higher job satisfaction Spirit Desire Expectations Ethical imperatives Why Is Participation Popular? Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU

Higher output Better quality Creativity Innovation Higher motivation Reduced turnover and absences Better communication Benefits of Participation: Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU

The Participative Process: Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU

Prerequisites for Participation : Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU 1.Adequate time to participate 2.Potential benefits greater than costs 3.Relevance to employee interests 4.Adequate employee abilities 5.Mutual ability to communicate 6.No feeling of threat to either party 7.Restriction to the area of job freedom

Contingency Factors : Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU  Emotional intelligence  Differing employee needs for participation  Responsibilities of employees and manager

Expectations of Employees: Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU All employees should agree to… Be responsible for their actions Operate within organizational policies Be contributing team members Respect and try to use the perspectives of others Be dependable and ethical Demonstrate responsible self-leadership

Expectations of Managers: Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU Responsibilities of managers…  Identifying the issues to be addressed  Specifying the level of involvement desired  Providing relevant information  Providing relevant training  Allocating fair rewards

Programs for Participation: Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU Figure 8-8Selected types of participative programs

Limitations of Participation: Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU Negative Forces Affecting Participation Theory X beliefs and assumptions Lack of support from higher levels Manager fear of lost power, status, and control Lack of adequate training Problems encountered in early stages Substantial efforts needed to implement

Questions Finance & Banking Jahangirnagar University Mahfuza Khatun Lecturer, F & B,JU