Grammar and usage

2 现在完成进行时的构成： have/ has been + doing

现在完成进行时 (Present perfect continuous tense): 1 ）表示某一动作在过去开始发生，已持续到现 在，并还将持续；或刚刚停止，但与现在有关。 2. He is very tired, because he has been cleaning the room. 1. We have been learning English for three years. 3. I have not been sleeping well since I returned home. 4. Kelly: Sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long? Mavis: Yes. I’ve been waiting for an hour.

注意 表示短暂动作的动词，如 finish,marry,get up, come,go 等不能用于这种时态的此意思。

完成下列句子： An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be used in this way included write,work,read, study, learn, drink,eat,play, talk,watch,live, sleep, sit, wait, rain, etc. 1 How long _____ you ________ (learn )English? 2 It _____________ (snow) for a long time. have learnt been learning has snowed has been snowing

2 ） 现在完成进行时表示从过去到现 在的重复性动作 现在完成进行时的这种用法所表示的并不 是一直在进行的动作，而是断断续续地反 复发生的动作。如： The old lady has been telling the story for ten years. That reporter has been contributing articles to this magazine all these years.

Finish the exercise on Page 9

They ____________________ to me since They speak English well! have been talking

I also know some Yetis. I _________________ photos of them since have been taking

I _____________________ the Loch Ness Monster on the Internet too. have been watching

Recently I _________ an unusual number of UFOs! have seen

I _____________________ a book n UFOs. I should be able to finish it early next year. have been writing

present perfect vs. present perfect continuous

Li Jia has read a book about stonehenge. (She finished reading the book.)

Li Jia has been reading a book about stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.)

 I have read Harry Porter & the Half-Blood Prince.  I have been reading Harry Porter & the Half- Blood Prince. Have you finished your reading?

My parents have visited U.S.A. twice this month. My parents have been visiting U.S.A. for two weeks. Where are my parents now?

现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别： 一 现在完成时表示事件或动作完结，而现 在完成进行时则强调动作的延续或反复出 现。 1 I have read an English novel. 2 I have been reading an English novel. 二 现在完成时可以用表示状态的动词或表 示动作的动词做谓语，而现在完成进行时 则只能用表示动作的动词做谓语。 3 I have had his book for two months. 4 I have been reading this book for two weeks.

动态动词与静态动词 An action means something happening or changing. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play…. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of state verbs are （ 1 ） be,have( 有 ) （ 2 ）表示感觉的词 feel,hear,see,smell,taste… （ 3 ）表示心理或情感状态的动词 like,love,hate,fear,mind,know,believe, understand,wish,hope,prefer

1 I _______ (have ) this camera for five years. 2 I ______________ ( take ) photos of UFOs with this camera. have had have taken have been taking

twice 等表示次数的词只与完成时连用； 而 for ， since 引导的时间状语则可以 与完成进行时连用。 1 I______________ (visit) Egypt twice this month. 2 I__________________ (tour) Egypt for two months. have visited have been touring

How many times / How long 1 ______________ have you swum in the lake? 2 _____________ have you been swimming in the lake? How many times How long 完成时 完成进行时

always, never, ever, yet, already, 不能用于完成进行时态中。 1 I __________________ (never visit ) Paris. 2 I ___________________ (already be) to Paris. have never visited have already been

I have been learning English for three years. I learned English for three years. I have learned English for three years. I have written the novel. I have been writing the novel.

１． ―Kate doesn’t look very well. What’s wrong with her? ―She has a headache because she ______ too long; she ought to stop work. A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. was reading ２． “Tell the students to stop shouting. We ______ our essays.” A. write B. have been writing C. are writing D. have written

３. My uncle, Sam,______ manager of the firm. A. has just made B. is just being made C. has just been made D. is just made ４. This is the first time the students ______ to Hyde Park. A. have gone B. have been gone C. have been going D. are being gone ５. She ______ her mother’s work since she was admitted into hospital. A. is doing B. has been doing C. has done D. has been done

６. ―Don’t put the waste on the ground. ―Oh, I’m very sorry. I ______ the dustbin there. A. don’t see B. isn’t seeing C. didn’t see D. haven’t seen ７. Good heavens! There you are! We _________ anxious about you. We _____ you back much earlier all through the night. A. are; expect B. were; had expected C. will be; are expecting D. have been; were expecting

８. Customers are asked to make sure that they _____ the right change before leaving the shop ． A. will have B. have been given C. have given D. will be given

９ A: ______ leave at the end of this month. B: I don’t think you should do that until ______ another job. A. I’m going to; you’d found B. I’m going to; you’ve found C. I’ll; you’ll found D. I’ll; you’d found

Choose the right words __ ____ _____ ___ __ __ __ __ ___ ____ ____