All living organisms use energy to carry out all biological processes. Section 1: How Organisms Obtain Energy K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned

4(B) Investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules. 1(A) Demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations. 2(F) Collect and organize qualitative and quantitative data and make measurements with accuracy and precision using tools such as calculators, spreadsheet software, data-collecting probes, computers, standard laboratory glassware, microscopes, various prepared slides, stereoscopes, metric rulers, electronic balances, gel electrophoresis apparatuses, micropipettors, hand lenses, Celsius thermometers, hot plates, lab notebooks or journals, timing devices, cameras, Petri dishes, lab incubators, dissection equipment, meter sticks, and models, diagrams, or samples of biological specimens or structures. 3(F) Research and describe the history of biology and contributions of scientists. How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

9(B) Compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy and matter. 9(D) Analyze and evaluate the evidence regarding formation of simple organic molecules and their organization into long complex molecules having information such as the DNA molecule for self-replicating life. How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Essential Questions What are the two laws of thermodynamics? What is the difference between an anabolic pathway and a catabolic pathway? How does ATP work in a cell? How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Review trophic level New energy thermodynamics metabolism photosynthesis cellular respiration adenosine triphosphate (ATP) How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Vocabulary: Draw pics related to each term and definition from textbook.

How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Transformation of Energy Cellular processes require energy – the ability to do work. Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe.

How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Transformation of Energy Laws of thermodynamics First law—the law of conservation of energy: energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed. Second law: energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy, that is, entropy—disorder or unusable energy--increases.

How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Transformation of Energy Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Directly or indirectly, nearly all the energy for life comes from the Sun. Autotrophs make their own food, either with energy from the sun or from inorganic substances. Heterotrophs ingest other organisms to obtain energy.

How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Metabolism All of the chemical reactions in a cell are referred to as the cell’s metabolism. A series of chemical reactions in which the product of one is the substrate for the next is called a metabolic pathway. Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down larger molecules. Anabolic pathways use energy to build larger molecules.

How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Metabolism Photosynthesis – anabolic pathway in which light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell Cellular respiration – catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell

How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy In living things, chemical energy is stored in biological molecules. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy.

How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy ATP structure Most abundant energy-carrier in cells Nucleotide made of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups

How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy ATP function Releases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken. Transforms into a molecule called adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate group.

Breakdown of ATP Animation FPO Add link to animation from page 221 (figure 4) here. How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

How Organisms Obtain Energy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Review Essential Questions What are the two laws of thermodynamics? What is the difference between an anabolic pathway and a catabolic pathway? How does ATP work in a cell? Vocabulary energy thermodynamics metabolism photosynthesis cellular respiration adenosine triphosphate (ATP)