1. Transformation of Energy: meta = “change” bolism = chemical reactions
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy pg
Transformation of Energy: meta = “change”
bolism = chemical reactions
Energy is the ability to do work.
Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe.
Thermo = heat
Dynamics = change

2. All of the chemical reactions in a cell
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy
Metabolism
All of the chemical reactions in a cell
Anabolism = body building (plants)
Catabolism = tissue breaking down, shrinking
Photosynthesis—light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell
Cellular respiration—organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell

3. Laws of Thermodynamics
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy
Laws of Thermodynamics
First law—energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed.
Second law—energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy.

5. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs
Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. Auto = “self”
Heterotrophs are organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy. Hetero = “different”
Troph = “energy”

6. ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy
Chapter 8
Cellular Energy
8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy
ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy
ATP releases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken, forming a molecule called adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate group.